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Pay attention for these kind of questions


Webster

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Hey all,

Remember these too!!

 

1.If pH adn Pka are equal it is called Half neutralization point where 50% ionization occurs.

2.Rule of Nines: If difference between pH and Pka is 1 90% ionize

If diff is 2 99% ionize and if diff is 3 99.9% ionizes

3.Foley Catheters are sized by what scale

4. Basal Thermometer measure what?

5.Microbial Filter size in microns?

6. Intracellular and Extracellular ions?

7.Antidotes for Opiates and Benzodiazapines

8. Ifosfamide antidote?

9. Mesna mechanism of action

10.Example of Insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitizers

11. Acarbose and Orlistat mechanism of action

12.5Alpha Reductase inhibitor example

13.Toxicity by methenamine is owed to

14.Intraabdominal fluid accumulation is called what?

15.Ocuserts 20 release pattern of drug

16. Bioavailability of eye drops increased by adding what

17. Tardive dyskinesia caused by?

18.Fractional distillation used to seperate?

19. Opposite of sublimation is called?

20.Pantoprozole mechanism of action

21. Digoxin mechanism of action

 

I am sure all of u know these questions and answers I am just trying to refresh your memory as these questions are imp for board exams. Try to answer and I will post answers later. Thankyou all.

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yeah

there is no time to even look for them now!!!

thanks

 

The antineoplastic ifosfamide produces dose-dependent signs of neurotoxicity. After ifosfamide overdose in a patient, we found excessive urinary excretion of glutaric acid and sarcosine, which is compatible with glutaric aciduria type II, a defect in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation that results from defective electron transfer to flavoproteins. We therefore used the electron-accepting drug methylene-blue as an antidote for ifosfamide encephalopathy. In one patient, ifosfamide neurotoxicity was rapidly reversed by methylene-blue 50 mg intravenously. In another patient with previous episodes of ifosfamide encephalopathy, methylene-blue was administered orally prophylactically. No symptoms of neurotoxicity were noted.

 

Xenical is a potent, specific and reversible long-acting inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases . It exerts its therapeutic activity in the lumen of the stomach and small intestine by forming a covalent bond with the serine residue of the active site of gastric and pancreatic lipases. The inactivated enzyme is thus unable to hydrolyse dietary fat, in the form of triglycerides, into absorbable free fatty acids and monoglycerides. As undigested triglycerides are not absorbed, the resulting caloric deficit has a positive effect on the weight control.

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Hey all,

Remember these too!

 

1.If pH adn Pka are equal it is called Half neutralization point where 50% ionization occurs.

2.Rule of Nines: If difference between pH and Pka is 1 90% ionize

If diff is 2 99% ionize and if diff is 3 99.9% ionizes

3.Foley Catheters are sized by what scale

4. Basal Thermometer measure what?

5.Microbial Filter size in microns?

0.22 microns

6. Intracellular and Extracellular ions?

intracellular potassium

extracellular calcium and sodium

7.Antidotes for Opiates and Benzodiazapines

nalorphine, nalmifene, naloxine

flumanezil for benzodiazepines

8. Ifosfamide antidote?

mesna

9. Mesna mechanism of action

10.Example of Insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitizers

11. Acarbose and Orlistat mechanism of action

weight reduction by inhibiting the absorption of contents

12.5Alpha Reductase inhibitor example

finasteride

13.Toxicity by methenamine is owed to

formic acid

14.Intraabdominal fluid accumulation is called what?

15.Ocuserts 20 release pattern of drug

20 drops per minute

16. Bioavailability of eye drops increased by adding what

17. Tardive dyskinesia caused by?

phenothazinES, TCAs, SSRI, atypical antipsychotics

18.Fractional distillation used to seperate?

 

19. Opposite of sublimation is called?

deposition

 

20.Pantoprozole mechanism of action

binds to sulfur covalently in th parietal cells

21. Digoxin mechanism of action

i answered some of them let me know whether they are correct and pls post the remaining answers eagerly waiting for ur answers

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1.If pH adn Pka are equal it is called Half neutralization point where 50% ionization occurs.

2.Rule of Nines: If difference between pH and Pka is 1 90% ionize

If diff is 2 99% ionize and if diff is 3 99.9% ionizes

3.Foley Catheters are sized by what scale

FRENCH SCALE

4. Basal Thermometer measure what?

OVULATION

5.Microbial Filter size in microns?

0.22 microns

6. Intracellular and Extracellular ions?

intracellular potassium

extracellular calcium and sodium

7.Antidotes for Opiates and Benzodiazapines

nalorphine, nalmifene, naloxine

flumanezil for benzodiazepines

8. Ifosfamide antidote?

mesna

9. Mesna mechanism of action

10.Example of Insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitizers

Ins.secratogogue:SULFONYLUREAS and GLINIDES

INS sensitizers: BIGUNIDES and Glitazones

11. Acarbose and Orlistat mechanism of action

Acarbose: Apha glucosidase inhibitor

Orlistat : Lipase inhibitor

weight reduction by inhibiting the absorption of contents

12.5Alpha Reductase inhibitor example

finasteride

13.Toxicity by methenamine is owed to

formic acid

14.Intraabdominal fluid accumulation is called what?

15.Ocuserts 20 release pattern of drug

20 mcg per hour for one week

20 drops per minute

16. Bioavailability of eye drops increased by adding what

Increase viscosity

17. Tardive dyskinesia caused by?

phenothazinES, TCAs, SSRI, atypical antipsychotics

18.Fractional distillation used to seperate?

mixture with different boiling points (petroleum products)

19. Opposite of sublimation is called?

deposition

 

20.Pantoprozole mechanism of action

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

binds to sulfur covalently in th parietal cells

21. Digoxin mechanism of action

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Digoxin mech:

Inhibition of membrane-bound Na/K activated ATPase, resulting in an enhancement of Na intracelular, inhibition of calcium transport from the cell by Na/Ca exchanger, facilitation of Ca entry by voltage dependent membrane channels and estimulation of release of Ca from sarcoplasmatic reticulum.

This results in improvement and efficiency in cardiac contractility.

In other words...Inhibition of Na/K ATP ase to estimulate mioc.contractility by Ca.

 

Regarding MESNA

 

Urotoxic side effects, especially hemorrhagic cystitis, have so far been a limiting factor in the therapeutic use of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), ifosfamide (Holoxan), and trofosfamide (Ixoten). The uroprotective agent mesna (Uromitexan) allows regional detoxification in the kidneys and the urinary tract, and thus clinical prevention of the urotoxic side effects of the above cytostatics. The uroprotective mechanism of mesna is based on the formation of nontoxic additive compounds with acrolein and 4-hydroxy-metabolites. In the body, mesna is rapidly transformed into its biologically inert disulfide. After glomerular filtration mesna disulfide is rapidly reduced by reacting with the glutathion system and elimination in the urine as a free thiol compound, further detoxifying the aggressive oxazaphosphorine metabolites.

 

Something about muscle relaxants that you may want to double read

 

 

http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/muscle_relaxants.jsp

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