mchakrain Posted September 20, 2005 Share Posted September 20, 2005 16. History textbooks frequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear: new discoveries of documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating. Which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage? (A) The interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science. (B) The past is constantly renewed because of illuminating reinterpretations. © History books are outdated as soon as they are written. (D) Natural scientists also function as historians.A[/SPOILER] (E) Historians’ mistaken inferences are caused by unnoticed relationships among data. Questions 17-18 If the artificial is not better than the natural, to what end are all the arts of life? To dig, to plow, to build, to wear clothes—all are direct violations of the injunction to follow nature. 17. Which one of the following is an assumption made by the author of the passage? (A) The arts of life have no useful end. (B) The artificial is not better than the natural. © Digging, plowing, building, and wearing clothes are better than nature. (D) The injunction to follow nature should not be violated.C (E) The arts of life are indirect means of following nature. 18. If the author’s argument were challenged on the grounds that the construction of buildings has adverse effects on the natural environment, which of the following replies might the author use to respond to the challenge logically? (A) There are human activities, such as making music, that are environmentally harmless. (B) Harming the environment is not an end, or purpose, of the arts of life. © The construction could involve the use of natural, not artificial, materials. (D) Constructing buildings is not an “art of life.” E (E) Even if the natural environment is disturbed by the construction of buildings, it is improved for human use. 19. There are at least three people in the room. At most two people in the room recognize each other. At least one person in the room recognizes everybody else in the room. Which one of the following is NOT consistent with the above? (A) Four people are in the room. (B) No two people in the room recognize each other. © At most one person in the room recognizes everybody else in the room. (D) Anyone in the room who recognizes any other person in the room is also recognized by that person.D (E) Two people in the room recognize every one else in the room. 20. Abolish taxes, and real taxpayers would find that their disposable incomes have increased. Abolish taxes, and public employees would find that their incomes have disappeared. Which one of the following is a logical conclusion that depends on information in both of the statements above? (A) Public offices should be abolished so that disposable incomes will rise. (B) The only real taxpayers are those who would have more to spend if they did not pay taxes. © Public employees are not real taxpayers. (D) Public employees’ incomes should not be taxed since they come from taxes.C (E) If there were no taxes, then public employees could not be paid. 21. A low-pressure weather system is approaching Plainville; rainfall results from about 70 percent of such systems in the Plainville area. Moreover, the current season, spring, is the time of year in which thundershowers, which sometimes result from low-pressure systems, are most likely to occur in Plainville. Knowing which one of the following, in addition to the information above, would be most useful for determining the probability that Plainville will have a thundershower soon? (A) the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that occur in the spring (B) the percentage of spring rainfalls in Plainville that are thundershowers © the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that result from low-pressure systems (D) whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall B (E) whether Plainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do nearby towns 22. It is illogical to infer a second and different effect from a cause which is known only by one particular effect. This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause. Which one of the following arguments makes the same logical error as the one described by the author in the passage? (A) An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to our historical society. I would guess that that individual also volunteers at the children’s hospital. (B) The radioactive material caused a genetic mutation, which, in turn, caused the birth defect. Therefore, the radioactive material caused the birth defect. © The tiny, unseen atom is the source of immense power. It must be its highly complex structure that produces this power. (D) The city orchestra received more funds from the local government this year than ever before. Clearly this administration is more civic-minded than previous ones.A (E) If I heat water, which is a liquid, it evaporates. If I heat hundreds of other liquids like water, they evaporate. Therefore, if I heat any liquid like water, it will evaporate. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
karmaholic Posted September 20, 2005 Share Posted September 20, 2005 mchakrain plz edit this post..looks bad..makes reading harder. Thanks a lot. Use the search option. I'm sure you'll find explanations..most of the questions have been discussed. Lets discuss! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
mchakrain Posted September 20, 2005 Author Share Posted September 20, 2005 History textbooks frequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear: new discoveries of documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating. Which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage? (A) The interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science. (B) The past is constantly renewed because of illuminating reinterpretations. © History books are outdated as soon as they are written. (D) Natural scientists also function as historians. (E) Historians’ mistaken inferences are caused by unnoticed relationships among data. A Questions 17-18 If the artificial is not better than the natural, to what end are all the arts of life? To dig, to plow, to build, to wear clothes—all are direct violations of the injunction to follow nature. 17. Which one of the following is an assumption made by the author of the passage? (A) The arts of life have no useful end. (B) The artificial is not better than the natural. © Digging, plowing, building, and wearing clothes are better than nature. (D) The injunction to follow nature should not be violated. (E) The arts of life are indirect means of following nature. C 18. If the author’s argument were challenged on the grounds that the construction of buildings has adverse effects on the natural environment, which of the following replies might the author use to respond to the challenge logically? (A) There are human activities, such as making music, that are environmentally harmless. (B) Harming the environment is not an end, or purpose, of the arts of life. © The construction could involve the use of natural, not artificial, materials. (D) Constructing buildings is not an “art of life.” (E) Even if the natural environment is disturbed by the construction of buildings, it is improved for human use. E 19. There are at least three people in the room. At most two people in the room recognize each other. At least one person in the room recognizes everybody else in the room. Which one of the following is NOT consistent with the above? (A) Four people are in the room. (B) No two people in the room recognize each other. © At most one person in the room recognizes everybody else in the room. (D) Anyone in the room who recognizes any other person in the room is also recognized by that person. (E) Two people in the room recognize every one else in the room. D 20. Abolish taxes, and real taxpayers would find that their disposable incomes have increased. Abolish taxes, and public employees would find that their incomes have disappeared. Which one of the following is a logical conclusion that depends on information in both of the statements above? (A) Public offices should be abolished so that disposable incomes will rise. (B) The only real taxpayers are those who would have more to spend if they did not pay taxes. © Public employees are not real taxpayers. (D) Public employees’ incomes should not be taxed since they come from taxes. (E) If there were no taxes, then public employees could not be paid. C 21. A low-pressure weather system is approaching Plainville; rainfall results from about 70 percent of such systems in the Plainville area. Moreover, the current season, spring, is the time of year in which thundershowers, which sometimes result from low-pressure systems, are most likely to occur in Plainville. Knowing which one of the following, in addition to the information above, would be most useful for determining the probability that Plainville will have a thundershower soon? (A) the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that occur in the spring (B) the percentage of spring rainfalls in Plainville that are thundershowers © the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that result from low-pressure systems (D) whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall. (E) whether Plainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do nearby towns B 22. It is illogical to infer a second and different effect from a cause which is known only by one particular effect. This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause. Which one of the following arguments makes the same logical error as the one described by the author in the passage? (A) An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to our historical society. I would guess that that individual also volunteers at the children’s hospital. (B) The radioactive material caused a genetic mutation, which, in turn, caused the birth defect. Therefore, the radioactive material caused the birth defect. © The tiny, unseen atom is the source of immense power. It must be its highly complex structure that produces this power. (D) The city orchestra received more funds from the local government this year than ever before. Clearly this administration is more civic-minded than previous ones. (E) If I heat water, which is a liquid, it evaporates. If I heat hundreds of other liquids like water, they evaporate. Therefore, if I heat any liquid like water, it will evaporate. A Questions 23-24 Just as a bicycle chain may be too tight, so may one’s carefulness and conscientiousness be so tense as to hinder the running of one’s mind. 23. Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the argument above? (A) Just as a clock may be wound too tightly, so may one’s time be spent fruitlessly in the pursuit of perfection. (B) Just as a carousel may spin too quickly, so may one’s rapid concentration on several problems prevent a resolution of difficulties. © Just as a machine may be oiled too much, so may one’s heavy drinking of alcoholic beverages lead to complete dissipation. (D) Just as a raging river may be frozen into stillness during the winter, so may one’s career falter at certain times of the year. (E) Just as a boxer may become too tense before a big fight, so may one’s personal concerns stand in the way of professional success. B 24. Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument? (A) Bicycle chains are used to turn wheels, but the human mind is used to “turn” ideas. (B) People and bicycles are similar only in that both may not function well under stress. © Bicycles help people with transportation, but careful, conscientious thought helps to solve many different problems. (D) Extreme tension helps a bicycle chain to function efficiently. (E) People engage in poor reasoning whether they are careful and conscientious or not. D Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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