since

[mehrak]

1. Not since Galileo suffered the “scurvy humor” of the Inquisition has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue a theory.
(A) has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(B) did a religious organization so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(C) has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(D) did a religious organization so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(E) has a religious organization so effectively curbed whether a major scientist had the ability that he could be pursuing

SPOILER: OA:C

2. Not until the Enlightenment, some 200 years ago, had society seriously questioned the right of the state that it could execute its citizens.
(A) had society seriously questioned the right of the state that it could execute
(B) did society seriously questioned the right of the state that it could execute
(C) had society seriously questioned the right of the state for the executing of
(D) did society seriously question the right of the state to execute
(E) had society seriously questioned whether the state had a right that it could execute

SPOILER:
OA : d

what is the difference between these two? is it because of "since" in the first question and "until" in the second question?

[mitzi]

mehrak,

For the first question, "since" gives you a hint of verb.
the main clause should use present perfect(has/have + pp).

So, we can eliminate B and D first.


For the second questions, It provide you a hint, ago, for the verb.
when you see "ago" in a sentence, verb should be past.

Therefore, we can eliminate A, C, and E.
in B) It is unclear that what "it" refers to. society or the right?
so, I pick safely D.

[mehrak]

tanx mitzi

[mehrak]

tanx mitzi