serGINho Posted January 29, 2009 Share Posted January 29, 2009 The Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased several valuable Van Gogh paintings from his earlier works at auction last month, and it expanded the breadth of its collection to include works from all three of his major artistic periods. 7318 (A) and it expanded (B) and expanded © and it expands (D) and expands (E) expanding Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
vikram_k51 Posted January 29, 2009 Share Posted January 29, 2009 The Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased several valuable Van Gogh paintings from his earlier works at auction last month, and it expanded the breadth of its collection to include works from all three of his major artistic periods. 7318 (A) and it expanded---------->What does 'it' refer to? The Museum,Paintings,Works,Auction.Confused?So this is out. (B) and expanded------------->Seems Ok © and it expands------------->Tense problem.Out (D) and expands------------------->Tense issue.Does not go with the past tense of the main verb.Out (E) expanding------------------------>Seems Fine Out of B and E. I would go with E.But I don't havve any reason to exclude B.Can someone explain. E(With some doubt) Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
effective_factor Posted January 29, 2009 Share Posted January 29, 2009 E it is clearly modifies the subject of the preceding clause Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
thangduong Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 when the action of the first verb create or not separate from, the second action, "coma doing" is requrie. E is correct Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Solid186 Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 I go with E, the use of expanding highlights the ongoing action Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
lost_into_wild Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 jai ho option E it correcty modifies the preceding part of sentence. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
lost_into_wild Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 (B) and expanded------------->Seems Ok use of and delinks the modification . hence wrong Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
rrakesh Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 thangduong, Can you give one more example to clarify the issue? Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
mitzi Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 E it is clearly modifies the subject of the preceding clause Ditto, in E) expanding.... summarizes the whole preceding sentence. It is a kind of modifier called 'summative modifier' Thanks. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
mitzi Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 thangduong, Can you give one more example to clarify the issue? Please! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
crazy800 Posted January 30, 2009 Share Posted January 30, 2009 i will go with E Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
lost_into_wild Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 Ditto, in E) expanding.... summarizes the whole preceding sentence. It is a kind of modifier called 'summative modifier' Thanks. hi mitzi one query=> can modifier modify a group of words ? yeah, it can (i read ur earliar posts.)but still i am confused somewhere. in book, it explains modifier modifies either noun or pronoun or verb. one last piece of thought from ur side...:) Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
bearbull Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 hi mitzi one query=> can modifier modify a group of words ? yeah, it can (i read ur earliar posts.)but still i am confused somewhere. in book, it explains modifier modifies either noun or pronoun or verb. one last piece of thought from ur side...:) Modifiers can either describe a noun or action by a noun Modifier has to be placed right next to the noun or action( separated by a comma) Lost_in_wild , gmat guru , got through SLOAN . what does gmat guru do here ?? Modifies lost_in _wild : a noun lost_in_wild got through SLOAN , gmat guru You know that is wrong !!!!!!!!!( AVOID MISPLACED MODIFIER) Moreover a noun could be noun ,adjective or phrase , LOST_ in_wild , tired and angry with bear&bull , thrashed b&B yesterday Tired and angry : adjective ----------------------------------------------------------------------- hence the general placement of modifiers are Modifier ,noun , modifier Example: The lone super power , u.s.a. , which is the leader in world's economy , blah blah modifier , noun As explained above noun , modifier Self understood Modifier conjunction modifier , noun The lone super power and the leader in world's economy , USA , blah blah ------------------------------------------------------------------------- How do you test to see whether a logical noun is placed next to the modifier??? Pose questions : Based on the analysis , scientists have Using the analysis, scientists have Ask who or what Who was based on : scientists : non sensible Who was using the analysis : scientists Perfect ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ING AND ED FORM : Basic rule: ING without a comma can modify the subject or the action Ed form modifies the preceding noun (HOWEVER GMAT TENDS TO VARY THIS)( I have read bob's post where he has mentioned this) Moreover ,ed form is used more to express the emotion , feelings and state of mind Examples will make it clear The board gave Lost_in exceptional powers , raising his position as test admin . What is raising doing ? Describing the action(gave ) by the subject (board here) Agree? the bird , believed to have been the largest creature on earth , is finicky . How believed (ed) modifies bird ----------------------------------------------------------------------- THe comma issue , Modifiers with comma and without comma With comma , When the modifier in ing form is preceded by a comma , It modifies the preceding clause However, a modifier in ing form and preceded without a comma modifies the preceding noun Sample this: The board gave X powers enabling it to handle malfunction The board gave X powers , enabling it to handle malfunction the first is without a comma and describes powers Why ? It acts as adjective phrase the second is adverbial phrase that modifies the subject and action and not the object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HTH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
bearbull Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 The Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased several valuable Van Gogh paintings from his earlier works at auction last month, and it expanded the breadth of its collection to include works from all three of his major artistic periods. 7318 (E) expanding What does expanding do here . Expanding is ing form preceded by a comma Hence, To be right it should modify the action be the subject or subject Subject : museum action : purchased The action has expanded the breadth Clearly E _______________________________________________________________ Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
asif2311 Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 what is the OA...E for me too Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
john333 Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 We use ",-ing" form when an action leads to something. In the given question, buying the painting lead to the increase in .... SO we need to use -ing instead of -ed form to justify the use of -ing form for cause and effect sentences. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
effective_factor Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 i recommend everyone who is having issues with present and past participles along with antecedents to go through the following post http://www.www.urch.com/forums/gmat-sentence-correction/37280-antecedents.html Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
12rk34 Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 E it is clearly modifies the subject of the preceding clause EFFECTIVE, As per 800Bob, present participle modifies the preceding clause while past participle modifies the preceding noun. Pls. comment. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
effective_factor Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 EFFECTIVE, As per 800Bob, present participle modifies the preceding clause while past participle modifies the preceding noun. Pls. comment. yup this rule that present participle modifies the preceding clause and past participle modifies the preceding noun. this rule holds almost always true at least for gmat there are exceptions to this rule as well for reference purposes i would like you to go through question 120 of OG 10 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
bearbull Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 yup this rule that present participle modifies the preceding clause and past participle modifies the preceding noun. this rule holds almost always true at least for gmat there are exceptions to this rule as well for reference purposes i would like you to go through question 120 of OG 10 yep there are wired and weird questions , questions with no perfect rule However , i don't have OG tenth edition handy . Please post the question . We can have a good discussion on the same . Thanks Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
john333 Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 This is one post by some user. I would like to draw everyone's attention. Did any one else also notice discrepancy in OG's explanations??? I guess there are exceptions to this rule Effective_factor OG10 120 vs 179,191 -- Partipial phrase referents Question 120 in OG10 is an easy question, but reading through the answers to 120. The explanation for E (which is the wrong answer) is hard to understand; the explanations states: "and in E, 'establishing and using modify Athens," Here's the complete sentence if it were written with E as the answer: "The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, establishing a mosque in the building and using the Aeropolis as a fortress." Why is "Athens" the referent to the partipial, "establishing a..."? Take two other examples in OG, namely 179 and 191. Again, these are not the correct choices, but it's the seemingly contradictory explanations between 120 and 179/191 that is confusing. 179) Choice D) During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomer, having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of many Pilgrams and pioneers from hardship, or even death. Choice E) During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomer, knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue many Pilgrams and pioneers from hardship, or even death. 179 Explanation for D and E: "D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Americans. In this expample the participle refers to the immediately preceding noun. Here's another explanation that does as well. 191 Choice D, the wrong answer, but the explanation and how it differs with 120 is where I would welcome insight. 191 with D inserted) "Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose all fees and account requirements in writing, to provide free cashing of government checks, creating basic savings accounts to carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits." Explanation for D): "a modification problem results because the participial phrase creating... ataches to the noun checks, thus distorting the..." Here again the participial refers to the noun immediately before it. I can give you many more examples where the referent to the participial phrase refers to the noun immediately preceding. The exceptions are few and make complete sense to me with the exception of 120. Can someone explain what makes 120 different, and more importantly how to identify the referent? HTH Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
john333 Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 Effective_factor, Yeah there are exceptions and are quite well connected in the previous post. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
mitzi Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 Modifiers can either describe a noun or action by a noun Modifier has to be placed right next to the noun or action( separated by a comma) Lost_in_wild , gmat guru , got through SLOAN . what does gmat guru do here ?? Modifies lost_in _wild : a noun lost_in_wild got through SLOAN , gmat guru You know that is wrong !!!!!!!!!( AVOID MISPLACED MODIFIER) Moreover a noun could be noun ,adjective or phrase , LOST_ in_wild , tired and angry with bear&bull , thrashed b&B yesterday Tired and angry : adjective ----------------------------------------------------------------------- hence the general placement of modifiers are Modifier ,noun , modifier Example: The lone super power , u.s.a. , which is the leader in world's economy , blah blah modifier , noun As explained above noun , modifier Self understood Modifier conjunction modifier , noun The lone super power and the leader in world's economy , USA , blah blah ------------------------------------------------------------------------- How do you test to see whether a logical noun is placed next to the modifier??? Pose questions : Based on the analysis , scientists have Using the analysis, scientists have Ask who or what Who was based on : scientists : non sensible Who was using the analysis : scientists Perfect ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ING AND ED FORM : Basic rule: ING without a comma can modify the subject or the action Ed form modifies the preceding noun (HOWEVER GMAT TENDS TO VARY THIS)( I have read bob's post where he has mentioned this) Moreover ,ed form is used more to express the emotion , feelings and state of mind Examples will make it clear The board gave Lost_in exceptional powers , raising his position as test admin . What is raising doing ? Describing the action(gave ) by the subject (board here) Agree? the bird , believed to have been the largest creature on earth , is finicky . How believed (ed) modifies bird ----------------------------------------------------------------------- THe comma issue , Modifiers with comma and without comma With comma , When the modifier in ing form is preceded by a comma , It modifies the preceding clause However, a modifier in ing form and preceded without a comma modifies the preceding noun Sample this: The board gave X powers enabling it to handle malfunction The board gave X powers , enabling it to handle malfunction the first is without a comma and describes powers Why ? It acts as adjective phrase the second is adverbial phrase that modifies the subject and action and not the object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HTH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Oh, I am late for the explanation. Great explanation, bear&bull![clap] Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
mitzi Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 Modifiers can either describe a noun or action by a noun Modifier has to be placed right next to the noun or action( separated by a comma) Lost_in_wild , gmat guru , got through SLOAN . what does gmat guru do here ?? Modifies lost_in _wild : a noun lost_in_wild got through SLOAN , gmat guru You know that is wrong !!!!!!!!!( AVOID MISPLACED MODIFIER) Moreover a noun could be noun ,adjective or phrase , LOST_ in_wild , tired and angry with bear&bull , thrashed b&B yesterday Tired and angry : adjective ----------------------------------------------------------------------- hence the general placement of modifiers are Modifier ,noun , modifier Example: The lone super power , u.s.a. , which is the leader in world's economy , blah blah modifier , noun As explained above noun , modifier Self understood Modifier conjunction modifier , noun The lone super power and the leader in world's economy , USA , blah blah ------------------------------------------------------------------------- How do you test to see whether a logical noun is placed next to the modifier??? Pose questions : Based on the analysis , scientists have Using the analysis, scientists have Ask who or what Who was based on : scientists : non sensible Who was using the analysis : scientists Perfect ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ING AND ED FORM : Basic rule: ING without a comma can modify the subject or the action Ed form modifies the preceding noun (HOWEVER GMAT TENDS TO VARY THIS)( I have read bob's post where he has mentioned this) Moreover ,ed form is used more to express the emotion , feelings and state of mind Examples will make it clear The board gave Lost_in exceptional powers , raising his position as test admin . What is raising doing ? Describing the action(gave ) by the subject (board here) Agree? the bird , believed to have been the largest creature on earth , is finicky . How believed (ed) modifies bird ----------------------------------------------------------------------- THe comma issue , Modifiers with comma and without comma With comma , When the modifier in ing form is preceded by a comma , It modifies the preceding clause However, a modifier in ing form and preceded without a comma modifies the preceding noun Sample this: The board gave X powers enabling it to handle malfunction The board gave X powers , enabling it to handle malfunction the first is without a comma and describes powers Why ? It acts as adjective phrase the second is adverbial phrase that modifies the subject and action and not the object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HTH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Oh, I am late for the explanation. Great explanation, bear&bull![clap] Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
bearbull Posted January 31, 2009 Share Posted January 31, 2009 OG10 120 vs 179,191 -- Partipial phrase referents Question 120 in OG10 is an easy question, but reading through the answers to 120. The explanation for E (which is the wrong answer) is hard to understand; the explanations states: "and in E, 'establishing and using modify Athens," Here's the complete sentence if it were written with E as the answer: "The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, establishing a mosque in the building and using the Aeropolis as a fortress." Why is "Athens" the referent to the partipial, "establishing a..."? Take two other examples in OG, namely 179 and 191. Again, these are not the correct choices, but it's the seemingly contradictory explanations between 120 and 179/191 that is confusing. 179) Choice D) During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomer, having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of many Pilgrams and pioneers from hardship, or even death. Choice E) During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomer, knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue many Pilgrams and pioneers from hardship, or even death. 179 Explanation for D and E: "D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Americans. In this expample the participle refers to the immediately preceding noun. Here's another explanation that does as well. 191 Choice D, the wrong answer, but the explanation and how it differs with 120 is where I would welcome insight. 191 with D inserted) "Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose all fees and account requirements in writing, to provide free cashing of government checks, creating basic savings accounts to carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits." Explanation for D): "a modification problem results because the participial phrase creating... ataches to the noun checks, thus distorting the..." Here again the participial refers to the noun immediately before it. I can give you many more examples where the referent to the participial phrase refers to the noun immediately preceding. The exceptions are few and make complete sense to me with the exception of 120. Can someone explain what makes 120 different, and more importantly how to identify the referent? HTH Sample this: John asked Venus to wash his clothes , establishing supremacy The sentence is ambiguous : will john's asking modify establishment ? will venus 's washing clothes establish supremacy ? Ambiguous rt? The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, establishing a mosque in the building and using the Aeropolis as a fortress." the Parthenon is the subject while Athens pop's out before establishing The Parthenon was a church : did this establish a mosque ? that Athens was taken by General establishes a mosque ? The above sentence is ambiguous Effectively , it should modify the parthenon . However , this subtle option makes it ambiguous ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose all fees and account requirements in writing, to provide free cashing of government checks, creating basic savings accounts to carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits. Let us break 191 lawmakers are examining requirements that would allow Banks to do x ,AND( I WOULD ADD AND TO MAKE IT FREE FROM OTHER ERRORS) to provide free cashing of government checks , Creating ? What can create modify ? effectively the noun lawmakers' examination RT? however , ambiguity creeps in HOW? creating modifies the allowing of banks to free cashing of government checks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomer, having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of many Pilgrams and pioneers from hardship, or even death. First the overall construction to me seems clingy as two modifier without a conjunction between them will create ambiguity . Sample this: JOHN worked all day , analyzing the schedule , kelly was surprised ( BAD SENTENCE : 1.00 A.M : CAN'T GET BETTER) Bottom line: we should be vary of constructions like two modifiers without a conjunction between them and each modifier having a noun which the dubious modifier can refer to ( as in 179) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hope others pitch in ERIN , BOB please help !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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