Determined by or from usage

[rempre]

Hi,

Which is the correct usage? "Determined by" or "Determined from", if both are correct, when should they be used?

Thanks.

[GMAT_700+]

Determined by, Determined from,& Determined through all are correct idioms.
Determined By is best used to express cause.
Determined from and determined through are best used to convey "derived from " or derived through.

Although I don't think GMAT will ask you to select between several versions of determined by/from/through, there will be some other error to eliminate the options.