This is an interesting point. The spelling is not an issue. American and British spelling are officially permitted in IELTS.
However, in terems of garmmar and style the are slight differences in academic English. For lower levels (up to a 7.0) this will not be a problem as these slight differences would be negligible compared to the massive errors that are visible in other areas of essays for these levels. For students aiming for an 8.0 or more, the different usage of Present Perfect and Simple Past will be seen as incorrect by some British examiners as will differences in prepositions. In terms of style, there is almost no use of personal examples in UK essays, while this is more accepted in some US undergraduate courses (in my experience).
The real problem would be in General Training. You should not use idiom in Academic IELTS, but this is fine, especially in personal letters, in GT. These idioms are usually the same between British and American English, but a few are quite different.
The conclusion? The difference between British and American English is highly unlikely to cause you problems, unless you are looking at an 8.0 or 8.5. If you are looking at these scores, get a trainer who is familiar with the style your examiners are familiar with and get a few essays checked.
I hope this helps.
ielts2u - an IELTS writing help site
Mike



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