PowerPrep Question

[mishum2000]

The radical change in the land's surface that results when rural areas are transformed into cities is a significant cause of the rise in temperature in cities that is known as urban heal island. First, the tall buildings and the concrete and asphalt of the city absorb and store greater quantities of solar radiation than do the vegetation and soil typical of rural areas. In addition, because the concrete and asphalt are impermeable, the runoff of water following a ram is rapid, resulting in a severe reduction in the evaporation rate. So heal that once would have been used to convert liquid water to a gas goes instead to increase the surface temperature further. At night, although both city and countryside cool through radiation losses, the stonelike surface of the city gradually releases the additional heal accumulated during the day, keeping the urban air warmer than that of the outlying areas.

Part of the urban temperature rise must also be attributed to waste heat from such sources as home healing and air conditioning, power generation, industry, and transportation. Many studies have shown that the magnitude of human-made energy in metropolitan areas is equal to a significant percentage of the energy received from the Sun al the surface. Investigations in Sheffield, England, and Berlin showed that the annual heal production in these cities was equal to approximately one-third of that received from solar radiation. Another study of the densely built-up Manhattan section of New York City revealed that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone was two and one-half limes greater than the amount of solar energy reaching the ground. In summer the figure dropped to one-sixth. It is interesting to note that during the summer there is a mutual reinforcement between the higher nighttime temperatures of the city and the human-made heat that helped create them. That is, the higher temperatures result in the increased use of air conditioners, which, in turn, use energy and further increase the amount of urban heat. During the winter the nighttime warmth of urban areas, produced in large part by heavy energy consumption, is beneficial because less energy is needed to heat buildings.


Which of the following is true about cities al night in the winter?

A) Solar energy has an increased impact on the urban heat Island.

B) They lend to be colder than rural areas.

C) Less energy is required to heat buildings.

D) Human-made energy creates a larger area of total heal than solar energy.


Please justify your choice.

Thank you,

Michael.

[charanya]

Originally Posted by mishum2000

The radical change in the land's surface that results when rural areas are transformed into cities is a significant cause of the rise in temperature in cities that is known as urban heal island. First, the tall buildings and the concrete and asphalt of the city absorb and store greater quantities of solar radiation than do the vegetation and soil typical of rural areas. In addition, because the concrete and asphalt are impermeable, the runoff of water following a ram is rapid, resulting in a severe reduction in the evaporation rate. So heal that once would have been used to convert liquid water to a gas goes instead to increase the surface temperature further. At night, although both city and countryside cool through radiation losses, the stonelike surface of the city gradually releases the additional heal accumulated during the day, keeping the urban air warmer than that of the outlying areas.

Part of the urban temperature rise must also be attributed to waste heat from such sources as home healing and air conditioning, power generation, industry, and transportation. Many studies have shown that the magnitude of human-made energy in metropolitan areas is equal to a significant percentage of the energy received from the Sun al the surface. Investigations in Sheffield, England, and Berlin showed that the annual heal production in these cities was equal to approximately one-third of that received from solar radiation. Another study of the densely built-up Manhattan section of New York City revealed that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone was two and one-half limes greater than the amount of solar energy reaching the ground. In summer the figure dropped to one-sixth. It is interesting to note that during the summer there is a mutual reinforcement between the higher nighttime temperatures of the city and the human-made heat that helped create them. That is, the higher temperatures result in the increased use of air conditioners, which, in turn, use energy and further increase the amount of urban heat. During the winter the nighttime warmth of urban areas, produced in large part by heavy energy consumption, is beneficial because less energy is needed to heat buildings.


Which of the following is true about cities al night in the winter?

A) Solar energy has an increased impact on the urban heat Island.

B) They lend to be colder than rural areas.

C) Less energy is required to heat buildings.

D) Human-made energy creates a larger area of total heal than solar energy.




Please justify your choice.

Thank you,

Michael.

A----cannot be an answer becoz of the following statement:
"that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone was two and one-half limes greater than the amount of solar energy reaching the ground"

B----cannot be an answer (since not given in the passage)
c----it can be an answer( as clearly stated in the last sentence of the passage)
D---- can also be an answer (since given in the passage as "that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone " (human made heat energy)

Please let me know the correct answer.

[mishum2000]

Charanya thank you for your feedback.

I see what your points are. I agree with you that the right answer is between C and D, but in the real TOEFL I must choose either C or D.

So please tell me which one is your choice, and why ?

After that I will let you know which one is the PowerPrep answer.

Originally Posted by charanya

A----cannot be an answer becoz of the following statement:
"that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone was two and one-half limes greater than the amount of solar energy reaching the ground"

B----cannot be an answer (since not given in the passage)
c----it can be an answer( as clearly stated in the last sentence of the passage)
D---- can also be an answer (since given in the passage as "that during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone " (human made heat energy)

Please let me know the correct answer.

[aika]

I think C

[charanya]

Here the answer is C.

After making careful analysis, i believe that answer is c.

[charanya]

U have mentioned that these RC's are pp questions. Do u have answers for the recent pp questions?

[mishum2000]

That was also my answer...but it seems like the PowerPrep answer is D...... How come ?

Regarding your question I do not have the answers for the recent PP questions, all I have is a software called PowerPrep Review with which i can see the PowerPrep answers.

As you probably know after finishing the PowerPrep test you cannot review your answers. Well... this software tool makes it possible for a user to do it .


So I checked the answers with that tool and it told me that the correct one is D. I took 29 in the reading section of the PowerPrep test I took last days and I wanted to know why....

But still I'm not sure that D is the right choice....... Is it possible to be a mistake in the PP answerkey ?

Michael.

Originally Posted by charanya

U have mentioned that these RC's are pp questions. Do u have answers for the recent pp questions?

[armie480]

Hi Michael

I agree with charanya's arguments.

D definitely refers to this phrase:

during the winter the quantity of heal produced from combustion alone was two and one-half limes greater than the amount of solar energy reaching the ground.

However, we can only guess what happens to these figures at winter nights.

It is tempting to pick the answer C, because it basically repeats the end of the last sentence:

During the winter the nighttime warmth of urban areas, produced in large part by heavy energy consumption, is beneficial because less energy is needed to heat buildings.

However this option is doubtful too, since 'heavy energy consumption' does not actually match with 'less energy is required to heat buildings'.

My advice would be not to get obsessed with doubtful questions you face during your preparation: it is unlikely you will have the same question in a real test.

[tina2005]

hi,michael

how u got powerprep answers,
my toefl test will be may 27( next week)
so can u please give me all informations that how you got pp answers

tina2005

[mishum2000]

tina2005,

Please see my post from the following address:

http://www.urch.com/forums/showthread.php?t=22153 (Help)

Best of luck with your exam,

Michael.

Originally Posted by tina2005

hi,michael

how u got powerprep answers,
my toefl test will be may 27( next week)
so can u please give me all informations that how you got pp answers

tina2005