An Min Posted August 26, 2003 Share Posted August 26, 2003 A large part of effective leadership is dependent on something called gstyleh. But style is difficult to teach, and what makes one leader great and another mediocre is not easily defined. Leadership always implies power, and a broad definition in this context is that leadership includes the power to influence thoughts and actions of others in such a way that they achieve higher satisfaction and/or performance. Over the past century, there have been three major approaches to understanding leadership. Identifying leadership traits, or the physical and psychological characteristics of leaders, was the first formal approach, and had a lot of intuitive appeal. It owed its origins to the turn of the century (about 1904) when trait studies began. At this time most American leaders came from certain wealthy families, the vast majority were while males, and there were some social norms about what leaders looked like (tall, square jaw, well groomed etc.). The original assumption that gleaders are born not madeh has been discredited, because there were too many exceptions to the trains to give them any credibility. Beginning after World War II, in sharp contrast to the trait approach, the behavioral approach looked at what a leader does, what behaviors leaders use that set them apart from others. This approach assumed that leadership could be learned. Virtually all of the studies focused on classifying behaviors according to whether they fell into a process or gpeople approachh (satisfying individual needs), or a gtask approachh (getting the job done). The basis for this classification was in the discovery in social psychology that every group needs someone to fill both these roles in the group for it to be effective. The earliest of these studies began in Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s. Many of the early trait and behavioral writers tried to make their ideas applicable to all leadership situations. The earliest situational approach to leadership was developed in 1958. This approach strived to identify characteristics of the situation that allowed one leader to be effective where another was not. The trend later developed toward the third approach, understanding the unique characteristics of a situation and what kind of leadership style best matches with these. 41. Which of the following questions does the author answer in the first paragraph? (a) what is gstyleh (b) is power the most important aspect of leadership © how many main historical approaches have there been to leadership (d) why is leadership so difficult to define 42. The word gcontexth in line 3 is closest in meaning to (a) setting (b) limited © general (d) work 43. The assumption that gleaders are born not madeh has lost credibility because (a) better theories have since been developed (b) there were too many exceptions to the rule © it was found to not be the most important factor (d) it was disproved after World War II 44. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT one of the three major approaches to understanding leadership? (a) situational (b) traits © power (d) behavioral 45. The word gnormsh in line 10 is closest in meaning to (a) requirements (b) acceptable © preferable (d) standards 46. The word gthemh in line 13 refers to (a) assumption (b) leaders © exceptions (d) traits 47. What was the assumption of the behavioral approach? (a) that leaders are born not made (b) that leadership could be learned © that leadership could be classified into two functions (d) that every effective group needs someone to fill each of the two roles 48. What is the foundation for the classification of behaviors in the behavioral approach? (a) that an effective group needs both task and process roles fulfilled (b) that getting the job done is a more important task than satisfying individual needs © that both could be taught (d) that both could be applied to all leadership situation 49. The word gstrivedh in line 22 is closest in meaning to (a) achieved (b) stressed © tried (d) failed 50. Which of the three approaches tended to later gain most acceptance? (a) situational (b) trait © power (d) behavioral Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
iguh_budi Posted September 5, 2003 Share Posted September 5, 2003 Hi .. here are my answer 41. D 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. A Regards? Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
zulfinho Posted September 6, 2003 Share Posted September 6, 2003 Just trying to give it a shot... 41. d 42. a 43. b 44. c 45. d 46. d 47. b 48. a 49. c 50. a Wassalam, Zulfikar Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
tomicha Posted September 27, 2003 Share Posted September 27, 2003 my answers: 41. d 42. a 43. b 44. c 45. d 46. b 47. b 48. a 49. c 50. a Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
An Min Posted October 1, 2003 Author Share Posted October 1, 2003 Originally posted by An Min A large part of effective leadership is dependent on something called gstyleh. But style is difficult to teach, and what makes one leader great and another mediocre is not easily defined. Leadership always implies power, and a broad definition in this context is that leadership includes the power to influence thoughts and actions of others in such a way that they achieve higher satisfaction and/or performance. Over the past century, there have been three major approaches to understanding leadership. Identifying leadership traits, or the physical and psychological characteristics of leaders, was the first formal approach, and had a lot of intuitive appeal. It owed its origins to the turn of the century (about 1904) when trait studies began. At this time most American leaders came from certain wealthy families, the vast majority were while males, and there were some social norms about what leaders looked like (tall, square jaw, well groomed etc.). The original assumption that gleaders are born not madeh has been discredited, because there were too many exceptions to the trains to give them any credibility. Beginning after World War II, in sharp contrast to the trait approach, the behavioral approach looked at what a leader does, what behaviors leaders use that set them apart from others. This approach assumed that leadership could be learned. Virtually all of the studies focused on classifying behaviors according to whether they fell into a process or gpeople approachh (satisfying individual needs), or a gtask approachh (getting the job done). The basis for this classification was in the discovery in social psychology that every group needs someone to fill both these roles in the group for it to be effective. The earliest of these studies began in Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s. Many of the early trait and behavioral writers tried to make their ideas applicable to all leadership situations. The earliest situational approach to leadership was developed in 1958. This approach strived to identify characteristics of the situation that allowed one leader to be effective where another was not. The trend later developed toward the third approach, understanding the unique characteristics of a situation and what kind of leadership style best matches with these. 41. Which of the following questions does the author answer in the first paragraph? © how many main historical approaches have there been to leadership 42. The word gcontexth in line 3 is closest in meaning to (a) setting 43. The assumption that gleaders are born not madeh has lost credibility because (b) there were too many exceptions to the rule 44. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT one of the three major approaches to understanding leadership? © power 45. The word gnormsh in line 10 is closest in meaning to (d) standards 46. The word gthemh in line 13 refers to (d) traits 47. What was the assumption of the behavioral approach? (b) that leadership could be learned 48. What is the foundation for the classification of behaviors in the behavioral approach? (a) that an effective group needs both task and process roles fulfilled 49. The word gstrivedh in line 22 is closest in meaning to © tried 50. Which of the three approaches tended to later gain most acceptance? (a) situational Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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