spring_2006 Posted September 9, 2005 Share Posted September 9, 2005 Benjamin Franklin established that lightning is the transfer of positive or negative electrical charge between regions of a cloud or from cloud to earth. Line Such transfers require that electrically neutral clouds, (5) with uniform charge distributions, become electrified by separation of charges into distinct regions. The greater this separation is, the greater the voltage. or electrical potential of the cloud. Scientists still do not now the precise distribution of charges in thunder- (10) clouds nor how separation adequate to support the huge voltages typical of lightning bolts arises. According to one theory, the precipitation hypothesis, charge separation occurs as a result of precipitation. Larger droplets in a thundercloud precipitate down- (15) ward past smaller suspended droplets. Collisions among droplets transfer negative charge to precipitating droplets, leaving the suspended droplets with a positive charge, thus producing a positive dipole in which the lower region of the thundercloud is filled (20) with negatively charged raindrops and the upper with positively charged suspended droplets. 17. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing which of the following? (A) A central issue in the explanation of how lightning occurs (B) Benjamin Franklin's activities as a scientist © Research into the strength and distribution of thunderstorms (D) The direction of movement of electrical charges in thunderclouds (E) The relation between a cloud's charge distribution and its voltage 18. The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically (A) produce a distribution of charges called a positive dipole in the clouds where they originate (B) result in the movement of negative charges to the centers of the clouds where they originate © result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate (D) originate in clouds that have large numbers of negatively charged droplets in their upper regions (E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed. 19. According to the passage, Benjamin Franklin contributed to the scientific study of lightning by (A) testing a theory proposed earlier, showing it to be false, and developing an alternative, far more successful theory of his own (B) making an important discovery that is still important for scientific investigations of lightning © introducing a hypothesis that, though recently shown to be false, proved to be a useful source of insights for scientists studying lightning (D) developing a technique that has enabled scientists to measure more precisely the phenomena that affect the strength and location of lightning bolts (E) predicting correctly that two factors previously thought unrelated to lightning would eventually be shown to contribute jointly to the strength and location of lightning bolts 20. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the precipitation hypothesis, as it is set forth in the passage? (A) Larger clouds are more likely than smaller clouds to be characterized by complete separation of positive and negative charges. (B) In smaller clouds lightning more often occurs within the cloud than between the cloud and the earth. © Large raindrops move more rapidly in small clouds than they do in large clouds. (D) Clouds that are smaller than average in size rarely, if ever, produce lightning bolts. (E) In clouds of all sizes negative charges concentrate in the center of the clouds when the clouds become electrically charged. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
nirmalar Posted September 9, 2005 Share Posted September 9, 2005 17. A B,C are over-generalized statements. D,E are too-narrow statements. 18. The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically (A) produce a distribution of charges called a positive dipole in the clouds where they originate (B) result in the movement of negative charges to the centers of the clouds where they originate © result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate (D) originate in clouds that have large numbers of negatively charged droplets in their upper regions (E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed. 19. Easily B. A,C,D,E have no basis directly from the passage. 20. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the precipitation hypothesis, as it is set forth in the passage? (A) Larger clouds are more likely than smaller clouds to be characterized by complete separation of positive and negative charges. (B) In smaller clouds lightning more often occurs within the cloud than between the cloud and the earth. © Large raindrops move more rapidly in small clouds than they do in large clouds. (D) Clouds that are smaller than average in size rarely, if ever, produce lightning bolts. (E) In clouds of all sizes negative charges concentrate in the center of the clouds when the clouds become electrically charged. I would go for E, as -ve charges in the center might not produce goon enough dipole. Also, all other talk about small or large clouds - inmy opinion the passage do not address such issues. -Nirmala. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
spring_2006 Posted September 9, 2005 Author Share Posted September 9, 2005 Bang on target Nirmalar :) Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Jeff_999 Posted September 10, 2005 Share Posted September 10, 2005 Wonderful job, Nirmalar! I can't agree with you more. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
harishaegis Posted October 9, 2005 Share Posted October 9, 2005 i think niramal is right. good job nirmala Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Mits83 Posted April 21, 2006 Share Posted April 21, 2006 i think niramal is right. good job nirmala Bang on target! True GRE style analysis![clap] Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
kaushik_dear Posted May 5, 2006 Share Posted May 5, 2006 Benjamin Franklin established that lightning is the transfer of positive or negative electrical charge between regions of a cloud or from cloud to earth. Such transfers require that electrically neutral clouds, (5) with uniform charge distributions, become electrified by separation of charges into distinct regions. The greater this separation is, the greater the voltage. or electrical potential of the cloud. Scientists still do not know the precise distribution of charges in thunder- (10) clouds nor how separation adequate to support the huge voltages typical of lightning bolts arises. According to one theory, the precipitation hypothesis, charge separation occurs as a result of precipitation. Larger droplets in a thundercloud precipitate down- (15) ward past smaller suspended droplets. Collisions among droplets transfer negative charge to precipitating droplets, leaving the suspended droplets with a positive charge, thus producing a positive dipole in which the lower region of the thundercloud is filled (20) with negatively charged raindrops and the upper with positively charged suspended droplets. 17. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing which of the following? (A) A central issue in the explanation of how lightning occurs (B) Benjamin Franklin's activities as a scientist © Research into the strength and distribution of thunderstorms (D) The direction of movement of electrical charges in thunderclouds (E) The relation between a cloud's charge distribution and its voltage 18. The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically (A) produce a distribution of charges called a positive dipole in the clouds where they originate ( it results from this distribution, do not produce such differences) (B) result in the movement of negative charges to the centers of the clouds where they originate ( not mentioned) © result in the suspension of large (small), positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate (D) originate in clouds that have large numbers of negatively charged droplets in their upper regions (exactly opposite is true) (E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed. 19. According to the passage, Benjamin Franklin contributed to the scientific study of lightning by (A) testing a theory proposed earlier, showing it to be false, and developing an alternative, far more successful theory of his own ( not of concern) (B) making an important discovery that is still important for scientific investigations of lightning © introducing a hypothesis that, though recently shown to be false, proved to be a useful source of insights for scientists studying lightning (D) developing a technique that has enabled scientists to measure more precisely the phenomena that affect the strength and location of lightning bolts ( not mentioned about techniques) (E) predicting correctly that two factors previously thought unrelated to lightning would eventually be shown to contribute jointly to the strength and location of lightning bolts (Which two factors? Not at all mentioned in para) 20. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the precipitation hypothesis, as it is set forth in the passage? (A) Larger clouds are more likely than smaller clouds to be characterized by complete separation of positive and negative charges. (B) In smaller clouds lightning more often occurs within the cloud than between the cloud and the earth. © Large raindrops move more rapidly in small clouds than they do in large clouds. (D) Clouds that are smaller than average in size rarely, if ever, produce lightning bolts. (E) In clouds of all sizes negative charges concentrate in the center of the clouds when the clouds become electrically charged. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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