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The true scientific significance of a group of unusual fossils discovered by the paleontologist Charles Walcott is more likely to be reflected in a recent classification than it was in Walcott’s own classification. Walcott was, after all, a prominent member of the scientific establishment. His classifications are thus unlikely to have done anything but confirm what established science had already taken to be true. Which one of the following most accurately describes a questionable technique used in the argument? (A) It draws conclusions about the merit of a position and about the content of that position from evidence about the position’s source. (B) It cites two pieces of evidence, each of which is both questionable and unverifiable, and uses this evidence to support its conclusions. © It bases a conclusion on two premises that contradict each other and minimizes this contradiction by the vagueness of the terms employed. (D) It attempts to establish the validity of a claim, which is otherwise unsupported, by denying the truth of the opposite of that claim. (E) It analyzes the past on the basis of social and political categories that properly apply only to the present and uses the results of this analysis to support its conclusion.

Psychotherapy has been described as a form of moral coercion. However, when people are coerced, their ability to make choices is restricted, and the goal of psychotherapy is to enhance people’s ability to make choices. Hence, psychotherapy cannot possibly be a form of coercion. Which one of the following describes a flaw in the argument? (A) The position being argued against is redefined unfairly in order to make it an easier target. (B) Psychotherapy is unfairly criticized for having a single goal, rather than having many complex goals. © No allowance is made for the fact that the practice or results of psychotherapy might run counter to its goals. (D) The goals of psychotherapy are taken to justify any means that are used to achieve those goals. (E) It offers no argument to show that moral coercion is always undesirable.

OA is A

OA is E

All of John’s friends say they know someone who has smoked 40 cigarettes a day for the past 40 years and yet who is really fit and well. John does not know anyone like that and it is quite certain that he is not unique among his friends in this respect. If the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true? (A) Smokers often lie about how much they smoke. (B) People often knowingly exaggerate without intending to lie. © All John’s friends know the same lifelong heavy smoker. (D) Most of John’s friends are not telling the truth. (E) Some of John’s friends are not telling the truth.

what wrong with E ? if they ease the restrictions then more trash will go out in recycling and therefore the less trash will be disposed of..

Those who participate in local politics include people who are genuinely interested in public service and people who are selfish opportunists. Everyone who participates in local politics has an influence on the community’s values. If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? (A) Some selfish opportunists have an influence on the community’s values. (B) Some persons who are interested in public service do not have an influence on the community’s values. © All those who have an influence on the community’s values participate in local politics. (D) Some of those who influence the community’s values neither are interested in public service nor are selfish opportunists. (E) All those who have an influence on the community’s values are either interested in public service or are selfish opportunists.

A recent study has discovered that during the past few weeks, many consumers had chosen Topp’s Supermarket rather than face the long drive to Savemore. A. had chosen Topp’s Supermarket rather than face B. had chosen Topp’s Supermarket instead of facing C. have chosen Topp’s Supermarket instead of facing D. have chosen Topp’s Supermarket rather than facing E. have chosen Topp’s Supermarket rather than face

Since City X reduced the frequency with which its service vehicles pick up recyclable materials from residences for transport to its recycling center, the volume of material that its service vehicles transport to landfills for permanent disposal has increased to unmanageable levels. However, the city cannot increase the frequency of either its trash pickup or its recycling pickup at city residences. Based only the information above, which of the following strategies seems most appropriate for City X in the interest of reducing the volume of material that the city's service vehicles transport to landfills? http://petersons.ilrn.com/img/MC_circle16x16.gifa. Provide larger recycling containers to the residents of the city http://petersons.ilrn.com/img/MC_circle16x16.gifb. Establish a community program to increase awareness of the benefits of recycling http://petersons.ilrn.com/img/MC_circle16x16.gifc. Establish additional recycling centers as near as possible to the city's residential areas http://petersons.ilrn.com/img/MC_circle16x16.gifd. Provide incentives to the city's residents to reuse, rather than discard for pickup by the city's service vehicles, whatever they can e. Ease restrictions on the types of materials the city's service vehicles will pick up for transport to its recycling center

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election. a greater proportion than it was a greater proportion than a greater proportion than they have been which is greater than was so which is greater than it has been

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980. that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times

Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landfill site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leachate. Most landfill leachate is send directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water. Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage? (A) The ability to predict the volume of escaping landfill leachate would help solve the disposal problem. (B) If any water permeates a landfill, leachate will escape into the environment. © No sewage treatment plants are capable of handling leachate. (D) Some landfill leachate is send to sewage treatment plants that are incapable of handling it. (E) If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded.

In a large residential building, there is a rule that no pets are allowed. A group of pet lovers tried to change that rule but failed. The rule-changing procedure outlined in the building’s regulations states that only if a group of tenants can obtain the signatures of 10 percent of the tenants on a petition to change a rule will the proposed change be put to a majority vote of all the tenants in the building. It follows that the pet lovers were voted down on their proposal by the majority of the tenants. The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions? (A) The pet lovers succeeded in obtaining the signatures of 10 percent of the tenants on their petition. (B) The signatures of less than 10 percent of the tenants were obtained on the pet lovers’ petition. © Ninety percent of the tenants are against changing the rule forbidding pets. (D) The support of 10 percent of the tenants for a rule change ensures that the rule change will be adopted. (E) The failure of the pet lovers to obtain the signatures of 10 percent of the tenants on their petition for a rule change ensures that the rule change will be voted down by a majority of the tenants.

A commom social problem in the workplace occurs when workers accept supervisiory positions, and it causes them to lose the trust of their former coworkers b) by a worker accepting supervisiory positions, which causes him to lose c) when workers accept supervisiory positions, and so lose d) when a worker who accepts a supervisiory position, thereby losing e) if a worker accepts supervisiory position, he would lose