Eamon

There is certainly a problem in the given sentence, though it is not one that you need to take into account, because it appears in every option. The phrase 'women of Renaissance' should be either 'Renaissance women' or 'women of the Renaissance'. If you have correctly transcribed the question, it is defective at this point. In regard to the parallelism issue that you raise, there is no problem. The two participles 'influenced' and 'studying' are not quite parallel, but they are as parallel as the meaning of the sentence will allow. Remember that parallel structure is not an end in itself: it is subordinate to clarity of meaning. In this sentence, 'influenced' is used in the passive voice, as it must be here: the anthropologists WERE influenced by Western individualism. In other words, something influenced them. It would make no sense to go on then and say that the anthropologists 'were studied': this would mean that somebody studied them. So the participle must be the active one: 'studying': the anthropologists WERE studying European women. Thus, 'influenced ... and studying' is a not perfectly parallel sequence, but it is a perfectly logical one, and this is what is required here.