coffee

Im doing this exercise from Manhattan GMAT. There are two options, the underlined part and the boldface part. It says, select (A), if you agree with the underlined part then state what is wrong with the boldface part. Select (B) If you agree with the boldface part then state what is wrong with the underlined part. If you do not agree with both the boldface and the underlined then state what is wrong with both and select ©. Here is the problem. The answer is C. I cant understand how the boldface part is changing the meaning of the sentence? The driver took the people for a ride who had been waiting the people who had been waiting for a ride My questions are specifically for the boldface part. Whats wrong with the boldface part? Is it changing the meaning of the sentence?. Doesnt "who" refer to the "people" correctly?

Thanks Kevin

Experts! I know there is Manahattan SC Guide for - SC, Powescore CR Guide for CR, but i cant get my hand on an equivalent good book for RC. Can anyone suggest me the best book (top rated) for RC? Thanks

C it is. My reasoning is same as Mitzi. However would like to know about gimmeenergy's question?

Effective_Factor, Do you mean to say that "Increase in" is always incorrect and "Increase of" is always correct? Coffee

Congrats Blesboy. Awesome score. Are these the books that you are suggesting: eBook on Number Theory, Inequalities eBook on Permutation Combination eBook on Geometry GMAT Math Books & Workbooks

Can someone help me understand which one of the below is correct ? Speak with OR Speak to The following is the sentence and I am confused which one (to/with) is correct Multiple efforts to talk to/with Mr. Jim have been futile.

AWESOME. Congrats man. Can you please forward me 800Bob's notes at saurabhbhardwaj@hotmail.com

The explanation to one question said: When it comes to "money", you user FEWER if you are refering to the number of actual bills you have. BUT You use "LESS" if you are refering to the total amount and dont know the actual no of bills. Can someone please explain the above with an example. Here is the question: With less than thirty thousand dollars in advance ticket sales and fewer acceptances by guest speakers than expected, the one day symposium was canceled for lack of interest.

Can someone please help me understand this SC No one but him could have told them that the king was I. (a) (b) he could have told them that the king was me. © him could have told them the king was me. (d) he could have told them that the king was I.

Samal/Sh_Vivek, What is the correct IDIOM for IMPROVEMENT? I still dont get it. Plz help.

C is the OA guys. cheerz

Can someone please help me understand which is the correct answer, why it is correct and why the rest of them are incorrect? After the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate, life expectancy improved for children, but as late as the nineteenth century about one child in three died before reaching the age of six. (A) After the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate, life expectancy improved for children, but (B) Even though children’s life expectancy, which improved over the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate, © Although life expectancy for children improved after the Colonial period, during which the mortality rate was 50 percent, (D) While there was an improvement in life expectancy for children after the 50 percent mortality rate of the Colonial period, still (E) Despite children’s life expectancy improvement from the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate,

From what I understand, the following sentence is based on the IDIOM "Between X and Y" Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids. (A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids (B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids © and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids (D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive (E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids The OA is of course E) but I would like to know the correct usage. Is it correct to use : Between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide (X1) and nitrogen oxides (X2) and Y (atmospheric water) Is it correct to use an AND between X1 and X2 and then again an AND between X2 and Y. Does it not become ambigious? Please help me with the correcrt usage. Coffee

Caffeine, the stimulant in coffee, has been called “the most widely used psychoactive substance on Earth.” Snyder, Daly and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affect behavior by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine. Adenosine normally depresses neuron firing in many areas of the brain. It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. Like many other agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind to specific receptors on neuronal membranes. There are at least two classes of these receptors, which have been designated A1 and A2. Snyder et al (et al: abbr. (Lat) 以及其他人，等人) propose that caffeine, which is structurally similar to adenosine, is able to bind to both types of receptors, which prevents adenosine from attaching there and allows the neurons to fire more readily than they otherwise would. For many years, caffeine’s effects have been attributed to its inhibition of the production of phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the chemical called cyclic AMP. A number of neurotransmitters exert their effects by first increasing cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons. Therefore, prolonged periods at the elevated concentrations, as might be brought about by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, could lead to a greater amount of neuron firing and, consequently, to behavioral stimulation. But Snyder et al point out that the caffeine concentrations needed to inhibit the production of phosphodiesterase in the brain are much higher than those that produce stimulation. Moreover, other compounds that block phosphodiesterase’s activity are not stimulants. To buttress their case that caffeine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et al compared the stimulatory effects of a series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice. “In general,” they reported, “the ability of the compounds to compete at the receptors correlates with their ability to stimulate locomotion in the mouse; i.e., the higher their capacity to bind at the receptors, the higher their ability to stimulate locomotion.” Theophylline, a close structural relative of caffeine and the major stimulant in tea, was one of the most effective compounds in both regards. There were some apparent exceptions to the general correlation observed between adenosine-receptor binding and stimulation. One of these was a compound called 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which bound very well but actually depressed mouse locomotion. Snyder et al suggests that this is not a major stumbling block (stumbling block: n.障碍物, 绊脚石) to their hypothesis. The problem is that the compound has mixed effects in the brain, a not unusual occurrence with psychoactive drugs. Even caffeine, which is generally known only for its stimulatory effects, displays this property, depressing mouse locomotion at very low concentrations and stimulating it at higher ones. 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) discuss a plan for investigation of a phenomenon that is not yet fully understood (B) present two explanations of a phenomenon and reconcile the differences between them © summarize two theories and suggest a third theory that overcomes the problems encountered in the first two (D) describe an alternative hypothesis and provide evidence and arguments that support it (E) challenge the validity of a theory by exposing the inconsistencies and contradictions in it 2. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the theory proposed by Snyder et al? (A) At very low concentrations in the human brain, both caffeine and theophylline tend to have depressive rather than stimulatory effects on human behavior. (B) The ability of caffeine derivatives at very low concentrations to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in mouse brains correlates well with their ability to stimulate mouse locomotion at these low concentrations. © The concentration of cyclic AMP in target neurons in the human brain that leads to increased neuron firing can be produced by several different phosphodiesterase inhibitors in addition to caffeine. (D) The concentration of caffeine required to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the human brain is much greater than the concentration that produces behavioral stimulation in humans (E) The concentration of IBMX required to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in mouse brains is much smaller than the concentration that stimulates locomotion in the mouse. 3. According so Snyder et al, caffeine differs from adenosine in that caffeine (A) stimulates behavior in the mouse and in humans, whereas adenosine stimulates behavior in humans only (B) has mixed effects in the brain, whereas adenosine has only a stimulatory effect © increases cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons, whereas adenosine decreases such concentrations (D) permits release of neurotransmitters when it is bound to adenosine receptors, whereas adenosine inhibits such release (E) inhibits both neuron firing and the production of phosphodiesterase when there is a sufficient concentration in the brain, whereas adenosine inhibits only neuron firing 4. In response to experimental results concerning IBMX, Snyder et al contended that it is not uncommon for psychoactive drugs to have (A) mixed effects in the brain (B) inhibitory effects on enzymes in the brain © close structural relationships with caffeine (D) depressive effects on mouse locomotion (E) the ability to dislodge caffeine from receptors in the brain 5. The passage suggests that Snyder et al believe that if the older theory concerning caffeine’s effects were correct, which of the following would have to be the case? I. All neurotransmitters would increase the short-term concentration of cyclic AMP in target neurons. II. Substances other than caffeine that inhibit the production of phosphodiesterase would be stimulants. III. All concentration levels of caffeine that are high enough to produce stimulation would also inhibit the production of phosphodiesterase. (A) I only (B) I and II only © I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III 6. According to Snyder et al, all of the following compounds can bind to specific receptors in the brain EXCEPT (A) IBMX (B) caffeine © adenosine (D) theophylline (E) phosphodiesterase 7. Snyder et al suggest that caffeine’s ability to bind to A1 and A2 receptors can be at least partially attributed to which of the following? (A) The chemical relationship between caffeine and phosphodiesterase (B) The structural relationship between caffeine and adenosine © The structural similarity between caffeine and neurotransmitters (D) The ability of caffeine to stimulate behavior (E) The natural occurrence of caffeine and adenosine in the brain 8. The author quotes Snyder et al in lines 38-43 most probably in order to (A) reveal some of the assumptions underlying their theory (B) summarize a major finding of their experiments © point out that their experiments were limited to the mouse (D) indicate that their experiments resulted only in general correlations (E) refute the objections made by supporters of the older theory 9. The last paragraph of the passage performs which of the following functions? (A) Describes a disconfirming experimental result and reports the explanation given by Snyder et al in an attempt to reconcile this result with their theory. (B) Specifies the basis for the correlation observed by Snyder et al and presents an explanation in an attempt to make the correlation consistent with the operation of psychoactive drugs other than caffeine. © Elaborates the description of the correlation observed by Snyder et al and suggests an additional explanation in an attempt to make the correlation consistent with the older theory. (D) Reports inconsistent experimental data and describes the method Snyder et al will use to reanalyze this data. (E) Provides an example of the hypothesis proposed by Snyder et al and relates this example to caffeine’s properties.

A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago. (A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago © making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago (D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago The OA is C, and I got it correct but what I want to understand is what is the it refering to in the sentence. Will it be incorrect to say that it is a dangling modifier? it could refer to either the "construction industry" or the "economic health".

Congrats Eterniti, awesome score. Can you help me understand what are BRUTAL SC's and where can I get them?

Practice and Practice friend. I have made it a point to do atleast ONE RC a day, no matter what. At least my accuracy is improving if not more. I think the only thing that can improve verbal is practice.

I got 2 incorrect on 9 on this passage in 14 Minutes and 36 seconds. http://www.www.urch.com/forums/gmat-reading-comprehension/83026-3000-rc-passage-8-63-a.html Can you help me how to improve my speed.

So would you have an Idea on what is a good time in minutes for answering aprox 7 questions? Im still struggling. Coffee

Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire staged (to produce or cause to happen for public view or public effect “stage a track meet” “stage a hunger strike”) an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times (at times: adv.有时, 不时) threatened to take Constantinople and extinguish the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced. To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change. The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival. No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first, economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom (in full bloom: adv.开着花), a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion It can be infered from the passage that the Byzantine Empire sustained significant territorial losses (A) in 600 (B) during the seventh century © a century after the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire had been lost (D) soon after the revival of Byzantine learning (E) in the century after 873 In the third paragraph, the author most probably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic, military, and cultural development in order to (A) suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model (B) set up an order of events that is then shown to be not generally applicable to the case of Byzantium © cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium (D) suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedent exists (E) argue that military conquest is the paramount element in the growth of empires Which of the following does the author mention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began? (A) The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and cultural advances. (B) The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453. © The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s. (D) The revival of Byzantine learning began toward the end of the eighth century. (E) By the early eleventh century the Byzantine Empire had regained much of its lost territory. According to the author, “The common explanation” (line 28) of connections between economic, military, and cultural development is (A) revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the Byzantine Empire (B) reasonable, but an antiquated theory of the nature of progress © not applicable to the Byzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limited periods during the revival (D) equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history of military, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome (E) essentially not helpful, because military, economic, and cultural advances are part of a single phenomenon

Im taking approximately 13 minutes to answer 7 questions ( in which I get 5 correct) in a RC like this http://www.www.urch.com/forums/gre-reading-comprehension/35203-pterosaurs.html I would like to improve my reading and grasping speed. Can someone please help me and give some tips on how I can improve my reading and grasping speed. Thanks

perfect!

Thanks Cubicle, for the second questions explanation.

IMO it was C, but the OA is B, Dino, can you explain why it is B)