napoleon

Hi CDR In CIDR notation, which of the following Class C networks is capable of containing host 192.168.14.2? a)192.168.10.0/22 b)192.168.11.0/22 c)192.168.12.0/23 d)192.168.13.0/24 You have to represent in base 2 the third number for each Ip address. So: 14 = 00001110 Variants 13 = 00001101 12 = 00001100 11 = 00001011 10 = 00001010 To come out with the answer we need to point out on which of the variants we can map the number 14 (same mapping the first digits are the and from then one number has only 0. Example: 4 = 0100 and 6 = 0110 - 6 maps onto 4 4 = 0100 and 8 = 1000 - 8 does not map onto 4) For our example we can see that the only combination is 14 = 00001110 and 12 = 00001100. Therefore the answer is c) The first 23 digits are network digits (identify the network or subnetwork) and the last 10 digits are address digits (identify the station). I hope we will have many questions from neyworking ....

Hi, Could someone explain me Q12) What does the following program print? int x = 1; function f(i) { int x = 2; i*= 3; for (int j = 1; j g(j); } function g(j) { print j+x; } f(x); Static scope Pass by reference: 4 5 6

Hi, Could you explain to me how does call by name works. I know the logic behind it, but in a non recursive or non Scheme function this call will (by my opinion) issue the same result as call by reference. Thank you very much.

Hi, I have a few things to say about this topic. Firstly if we all agree with wood's definition (Tanenbaun agrees too) then we must compute the turnaround time = terminate_time - arrival time. Therefore we will have for FIFO: J0 0->75 Wait = 0; Turnaround = 75 - 0 = 75 J1 75->115 Wait = 65; Turnaround = 115 - 10 = 105 J2 115->140 Wait = 105; Turnaround = 140 - 10 = 130 J3 140->160 Wait = 60; Turnaround = 160 - 80 = 80 J4 160->205 Wait = 75; Turnaround = 205 - 85 = 120 For RR I believe that the evolution is: 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4 Therefore for J0 for example we have Turnaround time = end_time - arrival time = 185 - 0 = 185 I think that Albaled is right: the system does not add processes in the current exection quanta. I have a simple question: For RR if a processes ends before the ending of is allocated quanta was does the system do? (Ussualy the quants is very small and the system could keep this time idle, but I think that OS dispatches the next process for execution) Thank you

Hi Nkruti You are absolutely right in your answers. I have reviewed the recurrence tree method from Cormen and rethought my computation, we get a T(n) = theta(n2). Thank you very much for your prompt answer.

Hi Clearly the answer is D. You can solve D and E, by telescopic reduction. However I have found a little problem with B. The recurrence T(n) = 4T(|_ n/2 _|) + n seems to satisfy the third case from the Master theorem, but the condition "af(n/b) The interesting part is that I have solevd the recurrence using the tree method from Cormen and got an exponential answer T(n) = (4^(n+1) - 3n + 4)/9. The method counts the number of nodes on each level of the complete tree formed by this recurrence. For this paricular problem, we have: level 0: 1 node level 1: 4n nodes level 2: 16(n-1) nodes ----------------------- level k: 4^k(n-k) nodes We can calculate the sum and we obtain the exponetial execution time. Could anybody find the error in this recurrence logic? Thank you

Hi The answer is clear, but I have an additional question: Can anybody shed some light on the primality testing (option D)? Thank you very much

A good friendship is the most valuable thing a human being can receive from life. Our friends define who we are and most of all who we want to be. I try to be a stable, trustful and reliable person therefore I ask of my friends to be the same. A reliable friend is helpful, a good advisor, a respectful person and a stimulant. First of all, a reliable friend means that the person is helpful in every way he or she can. Reliability is closely related to aiding a person in need. A truly reliable friend is willing to sacrifice his time or money to help the individual beside him. For instance I have only two very good friends, but I am certain that they would do anything to help me in any situation. Last year my favorite rock band came to Romania and I wanted to attend the concert, but my parents would not let me to go alone. My friend Marius sacrificed his whole week-end to accompany me to a rock concert even though he did not enjoy this kind of music. For me this is an example of true friendship. Secondly, your best friend is surely the best confident. Usually you tell each other everything and corroborate your opinions to reach a logical conclusion. You do not have to be wise to give sound advices and more importantly you maybe smart but you must care for the person near you. I am included in this category. I share with my friends all my opinions, thoughts and even intentions. I help them and they help me to find the right path. When taking a major decision an outside objective opinion may be more cogent than your own subjective thoughts. A reliable friend always tries a good advisor. Thirdly, for me reliability also encompasses respect. Respect is the glue that keeps a friendship united. If you do not respect your friend, treat him bad or patronize him all the time soon he will no longer be your friend. Any human relationship and affection must rely on respect. A reliable friend respects my choices, tastes or decisions. For instance I am a big soccer fan, and I love the team Dinamo Bucharest. However most of my friends are fans of the other major challenger to the title in the Romanian Championship Steaua Bucharest. Of course there are many arguments between us, but in the end we all respect the opinions of each other. Without this respect we would not be friends. Finally, reliability means mobilization. We are in a never ending competition and we must fight all the time to get to the end first. I am a very ambitious man, but in a few cases I have lost my determination my stubbornness. Luckily I had my friends near me to dust me and throw me back into the ring. My friend Denisa said once that she tries to live by the quote “Never, never give up”. I have learned the huge determination from my friend and most of my achievements are due to this. For all that, the basic trait of any friend should be reliability. Linus Torwalds is smart, Jerry Seinfeld has a good sense of humor, but they would not be my friends if I could not trust them. I love my parents very much probably because they are the most reliable persons I know.

Nowadays businesses search relentlessly for the best qualified workers. After all, the human resources are the biggest capital in any respect. This search should not be limited by a lifetime employee hiring. Therefore I strongly disagree that businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. An employee may not keep up with the scientific evolution, may get tired of the same job and not perform at his best or may be too bad to face certain jobs. First of all, the main criterion of hiring an employee is professionalism. An employer tries to judge the potential of a worker and put him in the position in which the employee can provide the maximum output. However things are not always this simple. In the modern days, the working technologies evolve very quickly and many people simply cannot cope with this avalanche of modifications. So the employer must hire a younger man to do the job. For instance, in the past cars were manufactured by hand. Now the car factories are filled with huge working lines for the various kinds of robots. The employees need only to supervise the process in case something goes wrong. It is silly to presume that we need mechanics for mending the engine or even using a screwdriver. These men are useful only in repair shops and the employers realized that concentrating on the workers capable of supervising the robot lines. Secondly, any employer expects that his adjuncts give one hundred percent on working hours. The employee must be motivated and determined to get things done. Nevertheless if a worker knows he will be on a job all his life, he will probably cool down and temperate his efforts. He cannot be fired even if he does not do anything. This behavior can be very damaging to any business. On the other hand an employee hired for a year or only a try out period, will do his best to convince the boss he deserves the job and most of all to advance in the firm. For instance I worked about a year for an IT programming firm. I had a fifty year old colleague that knew the boss very well because he worked there for a long time. The man would not do anything while the rest of us tried to provide the functions needed for the never ending deadlines. This is what can happen when a person is kept more than required in a job. Thirdly, the working force is a colossal mass of competitors. Everybody tries to learn faster and compete with the other racers. The employer picks the best man for the job at a certain time. Let us say that law firm wants to hire a lawyer and at the interview only one person appears. That person could not be the best qualified, but since he had no competition he will be hired. In addition if the firm abides this lifetime hiring, the firm must keep this conjunctural lawyer for years to come. Maybe in the next years another more qualified individual wants to work for this firm. Naturally in this case the firm should fire the first employee if he failed to live up to his duties and hire the more professional worker. The change is something obvious and it would be against nature to force a firm to pay a lazy man. For all that I believe that not only employers should not hire employees for their entire life, but also that lifetime jobs can destroy the competition and the healthy working climate. Furthermore any company should try to rotate its working staff and make the most profit of the human resources available. This is a free-market society, this is democracy.

Hi Wanee, Thanks for reading my essay. I have mentioned a number of events that may change a child into a man. For example: "For example the first time a teenager gets a job, you may say that he is no longer a child." (para 2) "The thinking process evolves gradually that is why it is hard to pinpoint accurately a moment in time when the click happens. In many cases children revise this process whenever they have failed in an activity or suffered." (para 3) "In this respect I believe the first time when a child is subjected to a major decision is the decisive moment that pushes him to adulthood." (para 4) "The passing from hunch to complete analysis happens when a person is willing to give his life for the woman he loves. That is when he becomes aware that he is not a child anymore." (para 5) I tried to develop the ideas starting from the differences between these two ages and gave examples that may have caused these discrepancies. I do not believe that my essay is off topic. Please can you be more specific in your observations? Thank you again

First of all, I like your essay. It has a good organization and this is the first thing I look in a essay. However I have some observations: - I think the introduction is too short and unconvincing - I like the 2th and 3th para. They are well developed - the 4th para seems to me very unconvincing. The HDI is not of colossal importance and I will give India as an example. It has a pretty high illiteracy level, but it is maybe the most influential country in science for its human resources. - I like the conclusion Overall, I will give you a 5.5, though TOEFL will probably give a 6.0 Keep up the good work

I am a student at the Computer Science Faculty from the Polytechnic Institute Bucharest, Romania. If my school would receive a significant sum of money, I would invest it in a powerful cluster-based network. This new facility would provide a modern and advanced working environment for the students, constitute a potent research facility for students as well as teachers, even other faculties can benefit from this high-tech network and a close collaboration with foreign research centers. First of all, a cluster-based network provides an exceptional working and learning environment for the students. A cluster is a group of processors connected by a high-speed link like SAN. It harvests the power of all of these machines and provides an optimum ground for parallel and distributed computing. Practically, this can expand the processing power exponentially. The students can learn the insights of this architecture and most of all how to use this processing facility. Furthermore the faculty can organize courses and train all of the Computer Science students. This training is necessary for the students because this will probably be the working environment after they graduate. The knowledge acquires from the cluster-based network will be seen in the performance yielded at their jobs. Secondly, this network can provide an infinite possibility of research for teachers and students. In my country the faculty experiences a severe shortage of money therefore it concentrates its funds on the basic needs. The research is always left behind and all of us suffer from this. In this respect the cluster can make wonders. For instance a regular research project can have access to processing powers thousands of times bigger than by using a regular computer connected to the Internet. Following our teachers can pass from a theoretical research approach to a more practical and more important useful direction. The results obtained in this laboratory can replace a titanic work of several years. Thirdly, not only the Computer Science faculty will benefit from this network, but also any other university. Nowadays many research areas use the computer and especially a network of computers. Think only at the DNA decoding or the race to find a cure for cancer. Therefore every realm requires more and more help from the computer. For instance in a cluster-based environment a mathematician can solve complex equations in a few minutes and a physician can simulate processes that may cost millions to experiment. Finally, this cluster network will provide an equal level of discussion between our researchers and foreign western scientists. Furthermore many famous scientists can come to our country and share the experience of working with such state of the art tools. Who knows, maybe in this laboratory we will discover the next Nobel award winner. Romania desperately needs this step. For all that I strongly believe that a cluster-based network will not only improve the learning process of my colleagues, but also the statute and fame of the faculty. Moreover other faculties and even our country can benefit from the advances brought in this wonderful facility.

Thank you very much Test Magicians. You are absolutely right about the opening thesis. In most cases I forget to state the main ideas of the paras. For this topic I only mentioned the problem and not the fact that I propose solutions. You have a point also about the difference between communication and social disabilities. I simply could not find more arguments. I always try to find four disjunct main ideas, but I sometimes fail. Could you grade this essay, please .... I want to know if I can get a 6.0 with such a composition. Thank you again.

The human being is the most adaptable organism on Earth. However, every individual moved to a new place, will have some adjustment problems. In the case of teenagers, sadly, these problems can be solved much harder than for adults. The main problems I am going to attack in this essay are related to: communication, educational systems, social behavior and determination. First of all, a child or teenager brought to a new school experience big communicational problems. At the beginning he/she is usually aloof having considerable difficulties to talk to other students or teachers. The child was pulled out from a familiar place and taken to a school where every one is a stranger. It is natural to be isolated for a while. Nevertheless, this problem can be overcome by finding common activities or even sports. The teaching staff must inform the students that they will have a new colleague and they should try to include him/her in their discussions or games. For example, if the newcomer likes to play football than he will be less inhibited to talk with his classmates during or after a game of football. Therefore the role of the classmates is essential in making the new student feel at home. Secondly, the new student will have problems to adapt to the educational program. He/she will not understand first the administrative and teaching issues of the particular school like filling forms, choosing the optional courses or even the manner of teaching. In this case the teachers play the important part. The teaching staff must help the student in every way and at first be patient with him/her. If he/she has still difficulties the school can decide a special personal program for the newcomer that will reduce this teaching discrepancy. Thirdly, the student will experience social disabilities. Because he/she is not part of any group, he/she will be isolated especially after school. He/she will probably have no friends and no one of his/her age to spend time with. For instance when I moved for high school I had felt this problem and this hurt me more than any other hardship that I had to endure. The school had a professional adviser that talked with my parents and with few of my classmates. After that, all worked more smoothly. This solution can be applied in a wide gamut of cases. Finally, many students have determination problems when they move to a new school. They do not find the need to compete and be the best since all of his/her competitors are complete strangers. This hardship can be deal with only by long and comprehensive talks between the parents and the child. Therefore in this case the parents are very important. For all that, the time of adaptation differs from individual to individual, but the teachers, classmates, children and advisors can work together to help the young man go over more easily over this painful period. In this way the student will find a new home and friends even better than the past one.

Hi Aquila Let me list the main idea from every para: first para - the outdoors provide an escape from the daily chores second para - the outdoors provide relaxation and games third para - the outdoors are a source of health forth para - the outdoors bring you closer to nature I agree with you that I have been a little confuse. I should have stated in every para the main idea, but I did not considered this practice necessary in this case. Thank you for your thoughts and hope you will read my other posts