rso

i agree e is better than d, but "rate of" is not unidiomatic.

i see your point, "both" suggests that their combined ages date back 1000 years. but since the first part of the sentence establishes a common element between the two doesn't that clarify the use of "both"? for example, if someone asked, "which tribe, the acoma or the hopi, dates back 1000 years?", you could say "both do". granted, an answer like "each dating back" or "each of which date back" would be the best choice, but those are not provided. the rest of the choices containing "each" just don't sound right.

don't see anything wrong w/ a, so that's my choice.

since the auto company's earnings are what exceeded expectations, shouldn't that come after the comma? a indicates that the company itself exceeded expectations which is incorrect, it's earnings did. what am i missing?

imo, a is wrong and c is correct, using the "if...then" structure. for a to be correct the second part of the sentence need "then" inserted, thus it would read "then the value of the copper...". rise sharply and sharply rise are the same thing, i don't think this matters. it's like "walks quietly" and "quietly walks" both are correct.

i don't see how leading back to is unecessarily wordy. if the writer's intent is to emphasize the cycle of how unemployment begets unemployment in a recession, then "lead back to" is not wordy, and in fact serves a useful purpose.

cda for me. e is incorrect for q2 because the book was made into a film and musical. for e to be correct, there has to be a subject that makes it into a movie (i.e. "and producers later made it into a movie"), the book can't make itself into a movie. without a subject, e suggests that the book itself was actually present in a movie/musical (i.e., "my car made it into the movie").

To me, A doesn't seem to agree with "have received". For A to be correct,shouldn't it be preceded with "have been receiving" inadequate treatment? Why is D wrong?

Even if it is a typo, that doesn't change the fact that "they" is still ambiguous. Regardless, not taking C into account, what explicitly is wrong with D that makes it incorrect? Does it necessarily need a subject considering it's separated by a comma and not a semi-colon?