IMO D
I dont think it is E. Because
The honeybee's stinger is X and Y, and the result that the act causes XXXX
We dont need a 'with'. 'With' is used to mean association.
Between C and D.
C is logical to me but looks like it changes the meaning of the sentence.
The honeybee's stinger, , results in the fact that stinging causes the bee to die
The honeybees stinger does not cause the act, but the fact that the honeybee's stinger stays in place causes the act ....
D, Correctly uses an additive . It is the best of the lot, even though it looks awkward.
The honeybee's stinger XXXX , and results in the act causing the bee to die.
Causing the bee to die clearly modifies the act.