littleguy

i agree.

Rank/School Average assessment score (5 = highest) 1. University of California-Berkeley 5.0 2. California Institute of Technology 4.9 Harvard University (MA) 4.9 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4.9 5. Stanford University (CA) 4.8 6. Scripps Research Institute (CA) 4.5 University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign 4.5 8. Columbia University (NY) 4.4 Cornell University (NY) 4.4 University of Wisconsin-Madison 4.4 11. University of California-Los Angeles 4.3 12. Northwestern University (IL) 4.2 University of Texas-Austin 4.2 14. Princeton University (NJ) 4.1 University of Chicago 4.1 University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 4.1 Yale University (CT) 4.1 18. Penn State University-University Park 4.0 Purdue University-West Lafayette (IN) 4.0 University of Pennsylvania 4.0 21. University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 3.9 22. Ohio State University 3.8 Texas A&M University-College Station 3.8 University of California-San Diego 3.8 University of Colorado-Boulder 3.8 University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 3.8 27. Indiana University-Bloomington 3.7 Johns Hopkins University (MD) 3.7 University of Washington 3.7 30. University of California-Irvine 3.6 University of California-Santa Barbara 3.6 32. Georgia Institute of Technology 3.5 Iowa State University 3.5 Michigan State University 3.5 Rice University (TX) 3.5 University of Florida 3.5 37. Colorado State University 3.4 University of Arizona 3.4 University of California-Davis 3.4 University of California-San Francisco 3.4 University of Pittsburgh 3.4 University of Utah 3.4 43. Duke University (NC) 3.3 Emory University (GA) 3.3 University of Maryland-College Park 3.3 Washington University in St. Louis 3.3 47. SUNY-Stony Brook 3.2 University of Rochester (NY) 3.2 University of Southern California 3.2 University of Virginia 3.2 51. Carnegie Mellon University (PA) 3.1 Florida State University 3.1 North Carolina State University 3.1 54. Arizona State University 3.0 University of California-Riverside 3.0 University of Georgia 3.0 University of Massachusetts-Amherst 3.0 58. Boston College 2.9 Brown University (RI) 2.9 Case Western Reserve University (OH) 2.9 University of Iowa 2.9 University of Kansas 2.9 University of Notre Dame (IN) 2.9 University of Oregon 2.9 Virginia Tech 2.9 Wayne State University (MI) 2.9 67. Brandeis University (MA) 2.8 Dartmouth College (NH) 2.8 Louisiana State University-Baton Rouge 2.8 Rutgers State University-New Brunswick (NJ) 2.8 SUNY-Buffalo 2.8 University of Delaware 2.8 Vanderbilt University (TN) 2.8 74. Boston University 2.7 Oregon State University 2.7 University of Illinois-Chicago 2.7 University of South Carolina 2.7 University of Tennessee-Knoxville 2.7 Washington State University 2.7 80. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY) 2.6 Syracuse University (NY) 2.6 University of Connecticut 2.6 University of Houston 2.6 University of Missouri-Columbia 2.6 University of Nebraska-Lincoln 2.6 86. Kansas State University 2.5 New York University 2.5 University of California-Santa Cruz 2.5 University of Cincinnati 2.5

This link lets you download the topics. Go here: http://www.mba.com/mba/TaketheGMAT/Tools/AWATopics2001.htm

From the New York Times Officials Link Foreign Web Sites to Cheating on Exams By JACQUES STEINBERG n undetermined number of students in China, Taiwan and South Korea were able to raise their scores substantially last year on the verbal part of the most widely used entrance exam to American graduate schools by logging on to Web sites in those countries that post questions and answers memorized by previous test takers, test administrators said yesterday. After uncovering the Chinese- and Korean-language Web sites and assessing their effect on scores, test administrators suspended the electronic version of the tests, known as the Graduate Record Examinations, which have been taken by 55,000 students annually in those countries since the late 1990's. Because the tests were given at testing centers six days a week, the questions were regularly reused, making the tests susceptible to such cheating. Now, the test will be given in those three countries only two days a year, in November and March, and on paper, to guard the security of the questions, which will be used only once. Testing officials said they had not found a similar problem in any other country, including the United States. An investigation, by the Educational Testing Service, which designs the exam, was prompted in part by the concerns of some American college deans that the high verbal scores of some Asian students did not match their English fluency. Worldwide, nearly a half-million students a year take the exams, which measure verbal and math skills. Testing officials said they did not know how many of the students in China, South Korea and Taiwan had cheated but that it would have taken a substantial number to cause the average scores to increase as much as they did. In China, for example, the average score on the verbal section of the exam rose 100 points in a period examined last year, on a scale of 200 to 800, testing officials said. In South Korea and Taiwan, the scores increased by 50 points. Though the tests given in those countries often draw on the same pool of questions as the exams in given in the United States, which are also administered electronically nearly every day, testing officials said that they had not uncovered similar Web sites or unusual gains anywhere else. Testing officials said that the Web sites were probably the work of students, not bootleg businesses. Still, Carole Beere, the chairwoman of the Graduate Record Examinations Board, which oversees the tests, said, "We are now monitoring the Web very aggressively." Tom Ewing, a spokesman for the Educational Testing Service, said the company had rarely come upon evidence of such sophisticated, coordinated efforts to disseminate its questions and answers. In 1996, a California man was charged with recruiting people on the East Coast to take standardized tests, including the Graduate Management Admission Test, which most business schools require, only to relay the answers to students on the West Coast, in part by using pencils on which the answers were written in code. More recently, Mr. Ewing said, the service discovered that a question on a high school Advanced Placement exam was being circulated among students via e-mail. Though Dr. Beere said she remained confident in the validity of the exam in the United States and elsewhere, some critics argued that the breach uncovered in Asia was but one sign of the perils of administering standardized tests in the age of the Internet — and of putting too much stock in the results of any test. "It's not called the World Wide Web for no reason," said Robert A. Schaeffer, the public education director for the National Center for Fair and Open Testing, an advocacy group. "Those sites, even if they exist in another language, are accessible to students in the U.S. as well as in China. And there are many students in the U.S. who speak Chinese." Dr. Beere said that this year her board had ordered a far-ranging investigation of the validity of test results in 40 countries, including the United States, and had found evidence of cheating in only those three. Testing officials said the computerized exams drew on a rotating series of questions, often different for students taking the exam next to each other. After a certain period — which the testing service refused to disclose, but is believed to be at least several weeks — a question is removed from the pool permanently. Testing officials said they were able to confirm the cheating by noting that the scores on certain questions had risen significantly the longer the question was in circulation. Dr. Beere reported the results of the investigation to deans at more than 1,000 graduate schools in a letter mailed late last week. Its contents were first described yesterday in an online edition of The Chronicle of Higher Education. In the letter, Dr. Beere, who is also the associate provost for graduate studies and outreach at Northern Kentucky University, said the board would work to "restore the confidence and trust that you have in the scores from applicants in the affected regions." She also reminded her colleagues to view the scores of any applicant in the context of the entire application.

i'm sure u can find it for free on the internet somewhere. do u have p2p, like kazaa, or morpheus?

This chinese site has toefl test for free http://www.downdowndown.net

WORDS FREQUENTLY APPEARING ON THE GMAT In your preparation for the GMAT, it is important that you become familiar with the meanings of as many words as possible. This is especially true for success on the Verbal Ability section of the test, but it is also necessary for better comprehension of Reading Comprehension, Reading recall, and Practical Judgment passage, where a few key words may hold the meaning of an entire paragraph. The vocabulary list presented here contains words that frequently appear on the GMAT and many terms that you may encounter in the course of the exam. Study it carefully to familiarize yourself with these words. Refer to it to check the meaning of any difficult words you may encounter in other parts of this Guide. Abase – to humiliate, degrade Abash – to bewilder, confound Abate – to remove, lessen Abdicate - to forsake, give up Aberration – deviation Abeyance – inactivity Abhor – to detest, hate Abject – degraded, miserable Abjure – to recant, revoke Abnegate – to deny, denounce Abominate – to dislike Abort – to be unsuccessful, fail to develop Abrade – to scrape out Abrogate – to abolish Abscond – to bolt, decamp, flee Absolve – to pardon Abstemious – eating or drinking sparingly Abstract – summary Abstruse – profound, hidden, hard to under-stand Accede - to consent Accessory – accomplice Acclivity – incline rising slope Accolade – honor, award Accord – to grant, allow Accost – to greet aggressively Accretion – adhesion, concretion Accrue – to accumulate Acerbity – sharpness, bitterness Acme – summit, peak Acolyte – attendant, helper Acrimonious – sharp, acrid Actuate – to put into action Adamant – immovable Adduce – to give as proof Adjudicate – to decide (a case) Adjunct – auxiliary, appendage Adjure – to state on oath Admonish – to caution, warn Adroit – skillful, clever Adulation – flattery Adulterate – to corrupt, contaminate Advent – coming Adventitious – accidental Advocate – counsel, defender Aegis – protection Aesthetic – pertaining to beauty Affability – politeness, courtesy Affinity – relation, alliance Affluence – wealth Aggrandize – to increase in power Agnostic – one who doubts the existence of God Agrarian – relating to farming Alacrity – willingness, agility Albeit – although Alchemy – chemistry of the middle ages Alimentary – supplying food Allay – to soothe, calm Allegory – parable, fable Allocate – to distribute Allude – to insinuate, refer Altercation – quarrel Alternation - recurrence, succession Altruism – unselfish devotion Amalgamate – to combine, unite Ambidextrous – using both hands equally well Ameliorate - to amend, improve Amenable – responsible, liable Amenity – pleasantness Amiable – pleasing, loving Amorphous – shapeless Anachronism – something misplaced in time Analogy – similarity, affinity Anarchy – absence of government Anathema – ban, curse Anchorite – hermit Ancillary – subordinate Anecdote – tale, story Animate – to inspire, encourage Animosity – enmity, hatred Annals – historical accounts Anneal – to heat glass, metal, etc. Annotator – commentator Anomaly – abnormality, deviation Antagonist – opponent Antecede – to come before (in time or place) Antedate – to assign a date earlier than the actual one Anterior - front Antimacassar – cover used to protect furniture Antipathy – aversion, dislike Antithesis – contrast, direct opposite Aperture – opening Apex – highest point Aphorism – saying, adage Apiary – place where bees are kept Aplomb – self-confidence Apochryphal – of questionable authenticity Apogee – farthest orbit point from the earth Apoplexy – sudden loss of consciousness Apostasy – abandoning of faith Apothecary – druggist Apothegm – short, pithy statement Appall – to terrify, shock Appellation – name, title Apposite – suitable, appropriate Apprise – to inform Approbation – approval, consent Arbiter – arbitrator, judge Archaic – no longer used Archipelago – chain of island Archives – place where records are kept Arduous – difficult Argot – slang Array – rank, order, finery Arrears – in debt Articulate – to speak or write clearly Artifice – mastery, trickery Asperity – acrimony, harshness Aspersion – slander, false accusation Assay – to analyze chemically Asseverate- to state positively Assiduity – care, diligence Assimilate - to absorb Assuage – to pacify, calm Astral – starry Astringent – contracting (tissues), severe Astute – shrewd Atheist – one who denies the existence of God Atrophy – to waste away, deteriorate Attenuate – to weaken Attrition – a wearing away, weakening Audacious – bold Augment – to increase Augur – to predict August – majestic, noble Auspice – protection Auspicious – fortunate, favorable Austere – rigid, severe Authoritative – powerful, commanding Autocratic – arrogant, dictatorial Autonomy – self-government Auxiliary – assistant, helping Avarice – greed, cupidity Aver – assert Averse – unwilling Aviary – place where birds are kept Avidity – eagerness Avoirdupois – weight Avow – declare Awry – crooked, bent Axiomatic – principle accepted as self-evident Badger – to harass, nag Badinage – banter Baleful – harmful, evil Balm – something that soothes Banal – meaningless, commonplace Bandy – to exchange (word) Band – cause of harm Barrister – court lawyer Bedizen – to dress in a gaudy, vulgar manner Beguile – to deceive Belabor – to attack verbally, drag out Bellicose – warlike Beneficient – liberal, kind Benign – gentle, mild Berate – to scold Bereft – bereaved, deprived of Bestial – savage Bestride – to mount Bicameral – having two legislative chambers Biennial - every two years Bilious – bad-tempered Biped – two-footed animal Bivouac – encampment Bland – mild Blasé – indifferent Blasphemy – profane abuse of anything sacred Blatant – noisy, vociferous Blazon – to adorn, proclaim Bluster – to swagger, boast Bogus – counterfeit Boisterous – violent, furious Bombast – pompous speech Botch – to ruin Bounty – generosity Bourgeois – middle class Bovine – ox or cow Brandish – to wave menacingly Bravado – pretense of bravery Breech – lower part of the body Brigand – robber, bandit Broach – to start a discussion Browbeat – to intimidate Brusque – abrupt in manner Bucolic – rustic Buffoon – clown Buoyancy – lightness, animation Bureaucracy – government of specialized functions and hierarchy of officials Burgeon – bud, sprout Burnish – to polish Butte – hill Buttress – prop, protuberance Cabal – intrigue, faction Cache – hiding place Cacophony – harsh sound Cadence – measured movement Cajole – to coax, flatter Caldron – kettle Calligraphy – penmanship Callous – hard, obdurate Callow – unfledged Calumny – slander, defamation Canard – hoax Canker – ulcer Cant – tilt, whining speech Cantilever – supporting bracket Canvass – to make a survey, solicit Capacious – roomy, ample Caper – frolic, mischievous act Capitulate – to surrender Caprice – whim, fancy Captious – touchy, cross Captivate – to charm, fascinate Carnage – slaughter, massacre Carnivorous – flesh-eating Carom – rebound Carp – to complain constantly Carrion – decaying flesh Castigate – to punish Casuistry – false reasoning Cataclysm – violent change or upheaval Catalyst – agent of change Cathartic – purifying Catholic – universal Caustic – sarcastic, corrosive Cavil – to quibble Celerity – rapidity, velocity Censorious – fault-finding Censure – to criticize sharply Centrifugal – moving away from center Cephalic – of the head Cerebration – thought process Chafe – fret, irritate Chaff – worthless material Chagrin – embarrassment Charlatan – faker Charnel – place where corpses are deposited Chary – discreetly cautious Chastise – to castigate, correct Chattel – slave Chauvinism – fanatical patriotism Chicanery – deception Chimerical – imaginary Choleric – irascible, easily angered Chronic – always present Churlish – ill-bred Circuitous – roundabout, tortuous Circumlocution – evasion in speech Circumspect – watchful, cautious Circumvent – to avoid Citadel – fortress Civility – politeness, affability Clairvoyant – able to perceive something not readily apparent Clandestine – secret, hidden Cloy – to overindulge with an initially pleasing thing Coagulate – to thicken, clot Coalesce – to unite, join forces Coda – ending section distinct from the main body of a work Coerce – to force Cogent – forcible, convincing Cogitate – to think seriously Cognate – related Cognizant – aware Cohesion – a sticking together Collate to put together in proper order Colligate – to group together Collocate – to arrange in position Colloquy – conversation, dialogue Collusion – secret agreement to defraud Colophon – inscription in a book Colorable – plausible, ostensible Comestible – edible Commensurate - proportionate Commodious – spacious Commute – alter, exchange Compatible – consistent Compendious – spacious Compendium – abridgment, abstract Compunction – uneasiness, remorse Conclave – secret meeting Concomitant – accompanying Concupiscence – strong desire Condign – appropriate Condone – to overlook as unimportant Conduce – to lead toward a desired end Configuration – shape, arrangement Confiscatory – seized by authority Conflagration – destructive fire Confute – to disprove, refute Congeal – to change to a solid state Congenital – existing from birth Congruous – appropriate, in agreement Coniferous – cone-bearing Conjecture – guess, conclusion Conjure – to summon solemnly Connive – cooperate secretly Connoisseur – expert, critic Connote –suggest, imply Conscript – to force into service, draft Consecrate – to sanctify, dedicate Consonance – harmony Consort – associate, companion Constellation – group of stars Consternation – sudden confusion, panic Constituency – voters in a district Constrain – to restrict movement, limit Constrict – to shrink Consummate – to complete Contemn – to despise, scorn Contemptuous – scornful, insolent Contentious – argumentative Contiguous – adjacent, touching Contingency – casualty, occurrence Contravene – to contradict Contrition – remorse, repentance Contrivance – plan, scheme Controvert – to debate, dispute Contumely – rudeness Contusion - bruise Conundrum – riddle Conversant – familiar with Convivial – joyous, festal Convoke – to assemble Convulse – to shake violently, agitate Copious – abundant Corollary – inference, result Corona – crown, luminous circle Corporeal – pertaining to the body Corpulent – fat, stout Correlate – to be in mutual relation Corrigible – amenable, tractable Corroborate – to strengthen, confirm Coterie – group Countenance – facial expression, composure Countermand – to cancel with a contrary order Covenant – contract Covert – clandestine, secret Covet – to desire, aspire to Cower – to cringe in feat Cozen – to trick Crag – steep projecting rock Crass – grossly stupid Credence – belief, faith Credible – believable Credulity – simplicity, gullibility Crimp – to bend into shape, pinch together Cruciate – cross-shaped Crux – vital point Cryptic – mysterious Cudgel – club Culmination – highest point, climax Culpable – deserving blame Cumbrous – unwieldy Cupidity – avarice, greed Curry – to seek favor by flattery Cursory – hasty, superficial Cynical – sarcastic, sneering Cynosure – center of attraction Dalliance – dawdling Dank – chilly and wet Dastard – coward Dauntless – valiant, intrepid Dearth – scarcity Debacle – complete failure, fiasco Debase – to degrade, lower Debauch – to corrupt Debility – weakness Debonair – affable, jaunty Decamp – to break camp, depart suddenly Decant – to pour Deciduous – shedding (leaves) annually Declaim – speak, debate Declaration – announcement Declivity – descent, slop Decorous – proper in good taste Decrepit – run-down, worn-out Decry – to censure Deference – honor, respect Definitive – explicit, conclusive Defunct – no longer existing Deign – to condescend Deleterious – harmful Delineate – to describe Demean – to behave properly Denigrate – to describe Demean – to behave properly Denigrate – to define, belittle Denizen – inhabitant Denote – to standard for, mean Denude – to strip, divest Deposition – removal (from office), testimony Depraved – sinful Deprecate – to disapprove of Depreciate – to lessen the value of Depute – to appoint, entrust Derogatory – disparaging Descry – to discover, make known Desecrate – to profane, abuse Desiccate – to dry up Desist – to cease, stop Despicable – contemptible Desultory – loose, rambling Deterrent – constraint, preventative Detritus – product of disintegration Devious – rambling, errant, tricky Diametric – opposite Diaphanous – extremely delicate, insubstantial Dichotomy – division into two parts Dictum – positive statement Didactic – instructive Diffident – lacking confidence, reserved Diffuse – to spread without restraint Dilate – to stretch, widen Dilatory – tardy, lagging Dilettante – one who dabbles superficially Diligent – industrious, assiduous Diluvial – pertaining to feeds Discern – to observe, perceive Discompose – to upset the order of Disconcert – to confound, disturb Disconsolate – sad, forlorn Discord – disagreement Discountenance – disapproval Discursive – rambling Disdain – to scorn Disingenuous – without candor Disparage – to belittle Disparate – distinct in quality Disputation – debase Disseminate – to spread widely Dissident – disagreeing Dissimulate – to put on a false appearance Dissipate – to scatter or use wastefully Dissolute – morally loose Dissonant – lacking harmony Dissuade – to advise against Distend – to stretch out Distrait – absentminded, distracted Distraught – mentally upset Diverge – to branch off, deviate Divers – various Divest – to deprive, strip off Doctrinate – impractical theorist Dogmatic – arrogant stating of opinion Doldrums – low spirits Dole – something given sparingly Doleful – dismal Dolorous – mournful Dolt – stupid person Dotage – senility Dour – stern, gloomy Dowdy – shabby, styleless Dreg – undesirable leftovers Drivel – silly talk Droll – funny, amusing Dross – refuse, waste Dubious – uncertain Dubitable – open to doubt Dupe – to deceive Duplicity – deception Duress – restraint, force Ebony – hard durable wood, black Ebullient – enthusiastic Ecclesiastical – pertaining to the church Echelon – formation of units or troops Eclectic – made up of elements from a variety of source Ecology – study of the relationships in an environment Ecumenical – general, worldwide Edict – public announcement, decree Edifice – large building Edify – to enlighten Educe – to bring forth Effable – capable of being expressed Efface – to wipe out, erase Efficacious – effective Effigy – image, crud likeness Effluence – flowing out Effrontery – impudence Effulgent – illuminated Effusive – highly emotional Egocentric – self-centered Egregious – flagrant Egression – emergence Electorate – voting body Elicit – to cause a response Elision – omission Eloquent – pleasingly expressive Elucidate – to make clear Elusive – hard to grasp Emaciate – to make thin Emanate – to come out from Embellish – to ornament Embody – to make perceptible, personify Embroil – to involve in an argument Emend – to correct or alter (as in a literary work) Emissary – messenger Emollient – soothing substance Emolument – salary, compensation Emulate – to rival or try to equal Enclave – distinct unit surrounded by foreign territory Encomium – glowing praise Encroach – trespass Encyclopedia – compendium of knowledge Endemic – restricted to a given locality Endogenous – originating from within Enervate – to lessen the vitality of Enfranchise – to give the right to vote Engender – to bring into being Engross – to take the entire attention of Engulf – to swallow up Enigmatic – hard to understand, puzzling Enjoin – to impose by order, prohibit Enmesh – to entangle Enmity – hostility Enormity – outrageous act Ensconce – to conceal, settle snugly Entity – something that exists independently Entomology – study of insects Entreat – to implore Enunciate – to announce, pronounce clearly Ephemeral – short-lived Epic – long, narrative poem Epicure – one who has discriminating tastes for foods and liquors Epigram – terse, witty saying Epilogue – closed section of a literary work Epistle – letter Epitaph – inscription Epithet – word or phrase characterizing a person or thing Epitome – ideal example, embodiment Epoch – event or time that marks the start of a new period Equable – uniform, even Equanimity – composure Equivocal – purposely deceive Era – period of time marked by certain events Ergo – therefore Ersatz – artificial, substitute Erudite – learned Escapement – notched device regulating movement in a mechanism Escarpment – steep slope between level areas Eschew – to shun Esculent – edible Escutcheon – shield containing a coat of arms Esoteric – limited to a chosen few Esthetic – beautiful Estival – pertaining to summer Ethereal – airy Etude – musical composition used for practice Eulogy – speech in praise of a dead person Euphemism – substitution of a less offensive word Euphony – agreeable sounds Euphoria – feeling of well-being Evanescent – fading from sight Evasion – avoidance Evince – to show plainly Evoke – to call force, produce Evolve – to develop gradually Exacerbate – to aggravate Exacting – making severe demands Exclude – to bar Excoriate – to strip the skin off Exculpate – to free from blame Execrable – detestable Execrate – to curse Exemplary – serving as a model Exempt – to excuse from responsibility others are subject to Exhort – to entreat, appeal urgently Exhume – to dig up Exigency – situation making extremely urgent demands Exigent – urgent Exiguous – scanty, meager Exogenous – originating from outside Exonerate – to clear from blame Exorcise – to expel (an evil spirit) Expatiate – to speak or write at length, wander Expedite – speed up Expeditious – prompt Expiate – to make amends Expound – to state in detail Expunge – to erase Expurgate – to remove passages (from a book) Exquisite – very beautiful, perfected Extant – still existing Extemporary – impromptu Extemporize – to improvise Extenuate – to lessen the seriousness of Extirpate – to destroy completely Extol – to laud Extraneous – not pertinent to the whole Extricate – to set free Extrinsic – to force out Exude – to discharge Exult – to rejoice Fabricate – to manufacture, invent Fabulous – fictitious Façade – front or main face of a building Facetious – lightly joking Facile – easily done Facilitate – to make easier Facsimile – reproduction Factious – producing dissension Factitious – artificially produced Factotum – general worker Fallacious – tending to mislead Fallible – capable of erring Fallow – cultivated land not in use Fastidious – hard to please, meticulous Fatuous – foolish Fawn – to court favor, grovel Fealty – intense faithfulness Feasible – possible Feculent – impure Fecund – fertile Fein – to simulate, pretend Felicitous – appropriate, pleasant Fell – dangerous, cruel Ferret – to search out Fervid – ardent Fervor – ardor, zeal Festoon – decorative chain Fetid – stinking Fetish – an object believe to have magical powers Fettle – condition, state of fitness Fiasco – complete failure Fickle – capricious Figment – fine thread Filch – to pilfer Finesse – skill Fissure – cleft or crack Flaccid – soft and limp Flagitious – wicked Flagrant – outrageous Flail – implement for threshing grain Flair – aptitude, attractive quality Flamboyant – showy Flaunt – to show off Flex – to bend Flinch – to draw back Flippant – lacking proper respect Florescence – flowering Floriculture – care of ornamental plants Flout – to mock or scoff Fluctuate – to vary Foible – minor weakness Foment – to stir up Foray – to plunder Forensic – relating to court or public debate Forerunner – predecessor, sign warning of something to follow Forlorn – miserable Formidable – dreadful, awesome Fortitude – courage Fortnight – two weeks Fortuitous – by chance Fractious – unruly Fraught – laden Fray – fight Frenetic – wildly excited Frugal – thrifty Fruition – accomplishment Fulminate – to explode, denounce Fulsome – disgusting Furtive – stealthy Gainsay – to contradict Gambol – to frolic Gamut – entire range Garble – to distort Garish – showy, gaudy Garrulous – talkative Gastronomy – art of good eating Gauntlet – glove (medieval), ordeal Gelid – frozen Genial – cordial Genre – sort or type, category Genus – class, group with similar characteristics Germane – fitting Germinate – to develop, sprout Gestation – development, pregnancy Gibber – to speak rapidly, chatter Gibe – to scoff, deride Gird – to encircle Glib – superficial, unconvincing Glut – to oversupply Glutton – one who overindulges Goad – spur Gourmet – expert on good food and drink Gradient – slope Grandeur – splendor Gratuitous – free of charge Gratuity – tip Gregarious – sociable Grimace – expression of pain Grommet – metal ring Grueling – very tiring Guild – organization of persons with common interests Guile – deceitful behavior Guise – false pretense Gyrate – to move in a circular fashion Hackneyed – overused, trite Haphazard – not planned, random Harangue – long speech Harass – to torment Harbinger – forerunner Haughty – extremely proud Hauteur – disdainful pride Havoc – great destruction Hawser – strong rope Heady – impetuous Hearth – fireplace floor Hegemony – dominance of authority Heinous – hateful, evil Heptagon – seven-sided polygon Heresy – anti-religious thought Hermetic – airtight Heterodox – differing from the accepted standard Heterogeneous – differing in structure, mixed Hexapod – something with six legs Hiatus – gap Hibernal – pertaining to winter Hierarchy – an ordering by rank of grade Hinder – to thwart, impede Histrionic – theatrical Hoax – practical joke, trick Holocaust – complete destruction Homily – sermon Homogeneous – uniform in structure Homologous – corresponding in structure Horology – science of measuring time Hortative – exhorting, pleading Horticulture – the art of growing flowers, plants, fruits Huddle – to crowd together Humus – fertilizer, organic part of soil Hurtle – to speed Husbandry – cultivation and care of plants and animals Hybrid – of mixed origin Hydrophobia – fear of water Hyperbole – exaggeration Hypothesis – assumption Idiosyncrasy – peculiar mannerism Idyllic – pleasing, simple, pastoral Ignoble – mean, base Ignominious – shameful, degrading Illicit – unlawful Illimitable – boundless Illusory – deceptive Imbibe – to absorb or drink Imbroglio – confused situation Imbue – to permeate Immolate – to offer in sacrifice Immutable – unchangeable Impale – to pierce through Impalpable – not understood, vague Impasse – deadlock Impassioned – ardent, fervent Impeach – to accuse Impeccable – flawless Impecunious – having no money, poor Imperceptible – slight, subtle Imperious – domineering Impertinent – rude Impervious – not influenced Impetuous –impulsive Impious – lacking reverence Implicit – implied, not appearent Imply – to indicate by indirect statement Importune – to urge persistently Impromptu – insolence Impugn – to challenge as false Impunity – freedom harm Impute – to attribute (something bad) to another Inadvertence – negligence, oversight Inalienable – unable to be taken away Inane – lacking sense Inarticulate – unable to speak clearly Incendiary – one who excites or agitates Inception – beginning Incessant – never ceasing Inchoative – just begun, initial Incipient – beginning to appear Inclement – stormy Inclusive – taking all factors into account Incognito – disguised Incongruous – unconforming, inconsistent Inconsiderable – trivial, small Inconspicuous – not readily apparent Incorrigible – not able to be corrected, delinquent Incredulous – not readily apparent Incorrigible – not able to be corrected, delinquent Incredulous – skeptical Increment – increase, addition Inculpate – to incriminate Incumbent – officeholder, obligatory Indefatigable – tireless Indigenous – native to Indigent – poor Indolent – lazy Indurate – hardened Ineffable – unspeakable, indescribable Inert – without power to move or resist Inexorable – unrelenting Infamy – unrelenting Infamy – bad reputation Inference – conclusion Infernal – hellish, fiendish Infinitesimal – immeasurable small Infrastructure – basic framework of an organization Infringe – to encroach upon Ingenious – resourceful, inventive Ingenuous – frank, naïve Ingratiate – to seek someone’s favor Inherent – belonging by nature Inimical – hostile Iniquitous – unjust Injunction – court order, command Innate – natural, existing from birth Innocuous – harmless Innuendo – hint, allusion Inscrutable – enigmatic, mysterious Insidious – treacherous Insinuate – to suggest, hint at artfully Insipid – dull, tasteless Insolvent – bankrupt Instigator – one who incites action Insular – narrow-minded, limited Insurgent – one who revolts against established authority Intangible – incorporeal, vague Intemperance – excessive indulgence Interdict – to prohibit Interment – burial Interminable – endless Internment – confinement (of enemies) Interpolate – to change by inserting new material Interstice – space, interval Intractable – unruly, stubborn Intransigent – refusing to compromise Intrepid – fearless Intrinsic – inherent Introvert – to turn inward Intuition – insight Inundate – to overflow overwhelm Inure – habituate Invective – denunciation Inveigh – to complain bitterly Inveigle – to trick, entice Investiture – installation in office Inveterate – firmly established Invidious – offensive Invincible – unconquerable Inviolate – sacred Irascible – contrary to what was expected, sarcastic Isthmus – narrow strip of land Iterate – to repeat over and over Itinerant – traveling from place to place Jaundice – yellow pigmentation of the skin Jaunty – lively Jettison – to throw overboard, discard as superfluous Jocose – humorous Jocund – cheerful Jocular – playful, jolly Jostle - to elbow, agitate Judicious – showing sound judgment Juggernaut – massive destructive force Juridical – pertaining to law Juxtapose – to put side by side Kaleidoscopic – changing Kindred – family relationship Kinetic – active Kismet – fate Kith – friends Knave – credit for an achievement, praise Labyrinth – maze Lacerate – to mangle, tear Laconic – concise Lambaste – to scold, censure Lampoon – satirical attack Languid – weak, dull Languish – to become weak Languor – lack of vitality Larcenous – thievish Largess – generous giving Lascivious – lustful Lassitude – fatigue Latent – hidden Laudatory – expressing praise Lethal – deadly Lethargic – sluggish Levity – lightness, frivolity Lexicon – dictionary Libation – ceremonial drinking Licentious – morally unrestrained Limpid – cleat, transparent Lineament – a distinctive feature Lissome – nimble Litany – prayer, chant Lithe – flexible Litigation – lawsuit Livid – discolored by a bruise, enraged Location – style of speech Loquacious – talkative Lucid – shining, readily understood Ludicrous – absurd Lugubrious – affectedly mournful Luminary – outstanding person Lurid – sensational Macabre – gruesome Machination – evil plot Macrocosm – entity representing on a larger scale, one of its smaller units Madrigal – song, ballad Magistrate – official who administers laws Magnanimous – generous Maladroit – awkward Malefactor – evildoer Malevolent – arising from an evil will Malfeasance – wrongdoing Malign – to slander Malinger – to feign illness Malleable – flexible, adaptable Martinet – very strict disciplinarian Masticate – to chew up Maudlin – foolishly sentimental Megalomania – illusions of grandeur Meliorate – to make or become better Mellifluous – flowing sweetly, smoothly Ménage – household Mendacious – untruthful Mendicant – beggar Menial – servile Mercurial – changeable, fickle Meretricious – falsely alluring, gaudy Meritorious – deserving honor Mesmerize – hypnotize Metamorphosis – change of form Metaphor – figure of speech using one idea in place of another to denote a likeness between the two Mete – to allot Meticulous – careful with details Mettle – spirit, courage Miasma – pervading corruptive atmosphere Microcosm – a small unit that is the epitome of a larger entity Mien – manner, appearance Militate – to work (for or against) Millennium – 1000 years Minion – favored person Miscreant – villain Misgiving – doubt Misnomer – name wrongly applied Missive – letter Mitigate – to ease Mnemonic – memory aid Modicum – small portion Modulate – to regulate Mollify – to appease Moot – debatable Mordant – sarcastic Mores – customs Moribund – dying Morose – gloomy Motley – composed of many elements Multifarious – diverse Mundane – worldly Munificent – generous, lavish Myopia – nearsightedness Myriad – very large number Nadir – lowest point Nape – back of the neck Narcissism – self-love Narrative – story, account Nascent – coming into being Nebulous – vague Nefarious – very wicked Nemesis – formidable rival, one who inflicts just punishment Neology – use of an established word in a new way Neophyte – beginner, convert Nepotism – favoritism shown relatives Nettle – irritate Nexus – link, connection Niggardly – stingy Nocturnal – pertaining to night Noisome – offensive, harmful to health Nomenclature – system of names Nonpareil – unequaled Nonplussed – perplexed Nostalgia – sentimental yearning for the past Notorious – widely known Noxious – harmful Numismatic – monetary Nuptial – pertaining to marriage Nurture – train, rear Obdurate – stubborn Obeisance gesture of respect Obesity – stoutness, fatness Obfuscate – to obscure Objurgate – to denounce Oblation – solemn offering Oblique – evasive Obloquy – widespread censure Obsequious – servile Obsolescent – falling into disuse Obstreperous – noisy, unruly Obstruct – to stop, close Obtrude – to push out Obtuse – stupid, blunt Obviate – to prevent Occidental – Western Odious – disgusting Odoriferous – giving off a smell Officious – meddlesome Olfactory – pertaining to smell Oligarchy – government by a small group often for corrupt purposes Ominous – threatening Omnipotent – having unlimited power Omnivorous – eating all sorts of food Onerous – burdensome Onus – burden Opaque – not translucent Opprobrious – disgraceful, infamous Opulent – wealthy Opus – work, composition Orbit – revolving path Ordinance – statute Ordnance – artillery Ordure – excrement Ornate – showy Ornery – obstinate Ornithology – study of birds Oscillate – to fluctuate between two points Ossify – to change to bone Ostensible – apparent Ostentatious – showy Ostracize – to banish Overt – done openly Overweening – arrogant Palatable – agreeable to the senses Pall – to lose effectiveness Palliate – to reduce the intensity of Pallid – pale Palpable – obvious, easily perceived Paltry – pretty Panacea – remedy for all maladies Pandemic – widely spread Parable – short story showing a moral Paradigm – model, example Paradox – statement that seems contradictory but may be true in fact Paragon – model of excellence Paramount – highest in rank Paraphernalia – personal belongings Pariah – outcast Parity – equality in value Parody – farcical imitation Paroxysm – sudden outburst Parsimony – stinginess, thrift Parsonage – pastor’s dwelling Pastoral – of shepherds, rural Patent – evident Pathos – something which arouses pity Patrimony – property inherited from ancestors Paucity – scarcity Peculate – to embezzle Pecuniary – involving money Pedant – one who emphasizes trivial points of learning Pejorative – worsening Penchant – strong liking Pendant – ganging object Penitence – sorrow for sins Penology – study of prisons and prison reform Pensile – hanging Penurious – stingy Perambulate – to walk Perdition – damnation Perennial – enduring Perfidy – treachery Perforce – of necessity Perfunctory – routine, superficial Perigee – point of an orbit nearest the earth Peripatetic – itinerant Periphery – outside boundary Periphrasis – using long phrasing instead of shorter expressions Permeable – passable, penetrable Permutation – change, alteration Pernicious – destructive, fatal Peroration – end of a speech Perpetrate – carry out, commit Perpetuate – cause to continue Perquisite – something in addition to regular pay, tip, bonus Personage – important person Perspective – sense of proportion Perspicacity – keen judgment Perspicuous – easily understood Pert – bold, cocky Pertinent – relevant Perturb – to upset, agitate Peruse – to read carefully Pervade – to spread throughout Perverse – deviating from what is considered normal Petulance – impatience Phalanx – massed group of individuals Philander – to court with no intention of marriage Philistine –one governed by material rather than intellectual values Philology – study of linguistics Phlegmatic – sluggish Phobia – persistent irrational fear Picayune – of little value, petty Piebald – marked with splotches of color, heterogeneous Pillory – to scorn publicly Piquant – agreeably stimulating, pungent Pique – to offend, provoke Piscatorial – pertaining to fish Pithy – terse Pixilated – amusingly eccentric Placate – to appease Placid – calm Plaintive – melancholy Plait – to braid, pleat Platitude – trite remark Plaudit – expression of approval Plausible – seemingly reasonable Plebiscite – poplar vote Plenary – full, complete Plethora – overabundance Plicate – folded lengthwise Plumb – straight down, vertically Ply – to use or practice diligently Poach – to trespass Poignant – pungent, touching the emotions Polemic – involving dispute Politic – prudent, expedient Polity – political organization Ponderous – unwisely, dull Pontificate – to orate, make dogmatic statements Portend – to warn, foreshadow Portentous – ominous Posit – to postulate Posterity – future generations Postulate – hypothesis, axiom Potable – suitable for drinking Potpourri – mixture Poultice – soft heated dressing applied to wounds Pragmatic – practical, relating to fact Prate – to chatter Precarious – uncertain, risky Precipitous – steep Precipitate – hasty Preclude – to shut out, prevent Precursor – forerunner Predacious – predatory Predatory – tending to exploit others for one’s own gain Predicate – to affirm Predilection – preconceived liking Predispose – to make susceptible Preeminent – outstanding, high-ranking Preen – to dress up or adorn (oneself) Premeditation – preplanning Premise – statement forming the basis of an argument Preponderate – to surpass in weight or power Preposterous – absurd, ridiculous Prerequisite – something needed for performing a function Prescience - foreboding Prescribe – to establish as a means of action Presumptuous – too bold or forward Pretentious – showy, making unjustified claims Prevaricate – to evade the truth Pristine – uncorrupted by society Probity – integrity, honesty Proclaim – to declare proudly Proclivity – inclination Prodigal – spendthrift Prodigious – wonderous, enormous Profane –irreligious Proffer – to present for approval Profligate – recklessly wasteful Progeny – offspring Prognosticate – to predict Proliferate to increase in number Prolific – producing abundantly Prolix – prolonged unduly Prominent – noticeable, well-known Promontory – high peak that overlooks lower land or water Promulgate – to announce openly Propensity – natural tendency Propinquity – neatness Propitiate – to appease Propitious – favorable Proponent – one in favor of Propound – to present foe discussion Prorate – to divided proportionately Prosaic – commonplace, dull Proscribe – to outlaw, prohibit Proselytize – to convert from one belief to another Protagonist – main character in novel Prototype – standard example Provincial – having a limited outlook Prurient – lustful, lewd Puerile – childish, silly Pulchritude – beauty Punctilious – very exact Pundit – learned person Pungent – sharp sensation of taste and smell Pugnacious – belligerent Purloin – to steal Purport – to give an appearance of, intend Pusillanimous – lacking courage and resolve Putative – assumed to exit Putrefy – to rot Pythonic – monstrous Quadrant – one-quarter of a plane Quaint – unusual, old-fashioned Qualm – misgiving Quandary – perplexed state Querulous – complaining Query – inquiry Quiescent – quite, still Quintessence – perfect form Quivering – shaking, trembling slightly Quixotic – having high romantic or chivalrous ideals Raillery – playful teasing Raiment – clothing Rambunctious – boisterous Ramification – offshoot, consequence Rampant – widespread, without restraint Ramshackle – loosely made, dilapidated Rancor – ill will Rankle – to cause resentment Rapacious – greedy Rapine – plunder Ratification – formal approval Raucous – rough sounding, boisterous Ravenous – extremely eager foe gratification Recalcitrant – disobedient Recant – to renounce Recidivist – confirmed criminal Reciprocal – complementary, mutually responsive Recluse – hermit Recondite – beyond ordinary understanding, concealed Reconnoiter – to survey Recreant – cowardly Recrimination – countercharge Rectitude – integrity Recumbent – lying down Redact – to edit Redolent – fragrant Redoubt – temporary fortification Redress – to remedy, compensate Redundant – superfluous, wordy Refectory – dining hall Referendum – popular vote on a measure submitted by a legislative body Refractory – obstinate, unresponsive Refute – to prove wrong Refurbish – to renovate Regale – to entertain Regent – one who rules Regicide – killing of a king Regimen – system of diet, ruling system Regressive – going backward Relegate – to exile, to assign to a lower position Reliquary – container for sacred objects Remission – pardon, forgiveness, abatement Remonstrate – to protest Remunerate – to pay for work done, compensate Renascent – reborn Renegade – deserter, outcast Renege – to go back on a promise Renunciation – repudiation Repast – meal Repine – to long for Replete – well field Reprehend – to criticize Repression – stopping by force Reprisal – act if retaliation Reproach – disgrace, cause of blame Reprobate – depraved, unprincipled Reproof – rebuke, criticism Repudiate – to refuse, reject, disown Repugnant – distasteful, disliked Requisite – requirement Requital – suitable repayment Rescind – to repeal, take back Resilient – able to spring back into shape Resplendent – dazzling Restitution – restoration, refund Restive – impatient Resurgent – rising again Resuscitate – to revive Retaliate – to get even Reticence – silence, reserve Retort – to get even Retribution – just reward Retroactive – extending to previous conditions Retrograde – to go backward Reverberate – to throw back, echo Revile – to abuse verbally Ribald – offensive, vulgar Rife – widespread, abounding Rift – opening, breach Rigor – strictness Risibility – laughter Robust – healthly, strong Rote – mechanical repetition or action Rotund – rounded Ruckus – noisy confusion Rudiment – first principle, beginning of something Ruminant – meditative Ruminate – to meditate, ponder Saccharine – overly sweet, affectedly agreeable Sacrilege – desecration Sagacious – shrewdly discerning Salacious – lustful Salient – conspicuous Saline – salty Sallow – dull greenish-yellow Salubrious – wholesome Salutary – curative Salutatory – welcoming address Sanctimony – pretended piety Sanguine – confident, optimistic Sapient – wise Sardonic – scornful Sartorial – pertaining to tailoring Satiate – to satisfy, glut Saturate – to soak, fill completely Saturnine – sullen, sluggish Savor – to relish, enjoy Scabbard – sword sheath Scathing – searing, blasting Schematic – diagrammatic Schism – split, difference of opinion Scintilla – particle, trace Scion – descendent Scoff – derision Scourge – whip, devastation Scruple – small quantity, principle Scrutinize – to examine closely Scurrilous – coarse, vulgar Secular – worldly, not religious Sedition – rebellion Sedulous – diligent Semblance – appearance Senescent – growing old Sententious – given to moralistic expression Sequester – to isolate Serrate – having sawlike notches Shallop – small, open boat Shamble – to walk clumsily Shunt – to turn to one side Sibling – brother or sister Sidle – to move sidewise Smile – figure of speech comparing two unlike things Similitude – likeness Simony – buying or selling of church pardons Sinecure – easy job Sinuous – bending, winding Slothful – lazy Sluice – artificial water channel Sojourn – to remain somewhere temporarily Solace – to comfort, console Solicitous – showing care or concern Soluble – able to be dissolved Somatic – physical, of the body Somnolent – sleepy, drowsy Sonorous – full of sound, resonant Sophistry – misleading but clever reasoning Soporific – causing sleep Sordid – dirty, ignoble Spasmodic – intermittent Spawn – to deposit egg, bring forth Specious – deceptively appealing Specter – ghost Sporadic – occasional Spurious – false, not genuine Staid – sedate Stigma – mark of disgrace Stilted – pompous Stint – restriction Stoicism – impassiveness, indifference Stolid – showing little emotion Stratagem – trick, device Strategy – careful plan Stricture – adverse criticism Strident – harsh-sounding Stultify – to appear foolish, impair Stupor – loss of sensibility Suave – polite, urbane Subjoin – to append Subjugate – to force to submit Sublimate – to direct actions into more socially acceptable forms Subservient – inferior, submissive Subterfuge – deception used to evade something difficult or unpleasant Subversive – destructive Succor – to help Succulent – juicy Suffuse – to overspread Sully – to soil, stain Sumptuous – lavish Supercilious – haughty, contemptuous Supernal – exalted celestial Supersede – to replace Supervene – to happen additionally or unexpectedly Supine – indolent, prone Supple – flexible Supplicate – to ask for humbly Suppress – to keep from public knowledge Surfeit – overindulgence Surreptitious – acting in a secret and stealthy way Surrogate – deputy, substitute Sustenance – nourishment Sycophant – self-serving flatterer Syllogism – conclusion based on two premises Synchronous – occurring simultaneously Synopsis – summary Synthesis – combining of elements to make a whole Synthetic – man-made Tacit – silent Taciturn – tending toward silence Tactic – means of accomplishing a purpose Tactile – perceived by the sense of touch Tantamount – equal in value Tautology – needless repetition of an idea Tawdry – gaudy, cheap Taxonomy – classification (of plants and animals) Temerity – foolish boldness Temperate – moderate Temporize – to compromise Tenacious – persistent, tough Tenet – doctrine Tenuous – unsubstantial, flimsy Termagant – nagging woman Terminus – end point Terse – brief, to the point Tertiary – third in order Thespian – actor Thrall – slave Timorous – timid Tirade – long, vehement speech or denunciation Tithe – tenth part of something paid as a tax to a church Titular – having a title without performing the functions involved Tome – large book Torpid – inactive, sluggish Torrid – very hot Toxic – pertaining to poison Tractable – easily managed Traduce – to slander Tranquility – calmness, serenity Transfuse – to transmit, imbue Transgression – violation Transitory – temporary Translucent – permitting the passage of light Transpire – to become known, happen Transverse – placed crosswise Travail – hard work Travesty – ridiculous representation Treble – to increase threefold Tremulous – trembling Trenchant – sharp, clear-cut Trepidation – fear Tribulation - misery, distress Truculent – cruel, belligerent Truncated – shortened, curtailed Truncheon – club Tumid – swollen, inflated Tumultuous – violently turbulent Turbid – muddy Turgid – swollen Turpitude – vileness Tutelage – guardianship Twit – to taunt Ubiquitous – present everywhere simultaneously Ulterior – lying beyond what is openly expressed Umbrage – offense Unctuous – oily, suave Undaunted – determined in spite of adverse conditions Undulate – to move in waves Unerring – without fault Ungainly – awkward, clumsy Unmitigated – not lessened, absolute Unobtrusive – not aggressive Untenable – Unable to be occupied or defended Untoward – unfavorable Upbraid – to scold, reproach Uproarious – boisterous Urbane – refined Usurp – to take by force Uxorial – pertaining to a wife Vacillate – to show indecision Vacuous – empty, stupid Vagary – eccentric idea or action Valorous – courageous Vanguard – front part of a movement Vapid – tasteless, flat Variegated – marked with different colors Vaunt – display boastfully Vegetate – to lead an inactive life Vehement – impassioned Venal – open to corruption Vendetta – extended bitter feud Venerate – to show deep respect Venial – excusable Veracious – honest Verbosity – wordiness Verdant – green in color Verisimilitude – truth Verity – truth Vermillion – bright red pigment Vernacular – native language of a region Versatile – able to change easily Versification – metrical structure Vertex – highest point Vestige – trace Viable – capable of living or functioning Vicarious – experienced through the activity of another person Vicissitude – changeability Vilify – to defame Vindicate – to clear from blame Vindictive – wanting revenge Virago – domineering woman Viridity – greenness, naiveness Virility – masculinity Virulent – deadly, hateful Viscous – sticky, lacking easy movement Vitiate – to debase Vitreous – pertaining to glass Vituperate – to berate Vivacious – spirited, lively Vivid – vigorous, clear Vixen – female fox Vociferous – noisy Volatile – quickly evaporating, explosive Volition – act of determining Voluble – talkative Voracious – greedy Votary – zealous follower Votive – expressing a wish or vow Vouchsafe – to grant Waft – odor or sound carried through the air Wan – pale Wanton – reckless, immoral Weal – well-being Welter – confusion, turmoil Wheedle – to coax Whet – to arouse, stimulate Windfall – unexpected gain Wizened – dried up, withered Wraith – ghost, apparition Wragle – to quarrel Wroth – angry Wry – twisted Zany – fool, clown Zealot – fanatic Zephyr – mild breeze

GMAT #3 Analytical Writing Assessment I. Analysis of an Issue. Time: 30 minutes Directions: In this section you will have 30 minutes to analyze and explain your views on the topic presented below. Read the statement and directions carefully. Write only on the topic given. An essay on a topic other than the one assigned will automatically be assigned a grade of 0. Note: On the CAT version, you will keyboard your essay. For this exercise, allow yourself three sides of regular 8.5 x 11 inch paper for each essay response. Some people long for the "good old days" when schools emphasized the "three R's" of reading, writing and arithmetic. They maintain that school curriculums today are watered down versions of sounder ones and therefore less effective. Other people defend the curriculum of today's schools, pointing out that students must be exposed to a greater variety of material and to material that is more complex. Which position do you find more compelling? Explain your position using reasons and/or examples drawn from your personal experience, observations or readings. II. Analysis of an Argument. Time: 30 minutes Directions: In this section you will have 30 minutes to write a critique of the argument presented below. Read the argument and directions carefully. Write only on the topic given. An essay on a topic other than the one assigned will automatically be assigned a grade of 0. Note: On the CAT version, you will keyboard your essay. For this exercise, allow yourself three sides of regular 8.5 x 11 inch paper for each essay response. The rescue squad, which provides ambulance service to a substantial portion of the county, is staffed entirely by volunteers who train and serve for no monetary compensation. The rescue squad receives an annual equipment budget from the county government but has to submit special requests for unusual pieces of equipment. The county should give the rescue squad funds to purchase a defibulator, an electronic device used to regulate the heartbeat of patients who have suffered a heart attack. With a defibulator, the resuce squad could ensure that county residents whill have an excellent chance of surviving a heart attack. How persuasive do you find this argument? Explain your point of view by analyzing the line of reasoning an the use of evidence in the argument. Discuss also, what, if anything, would make the argument more persuasive or would help you better to evaluate its conclusion. Verbal Section 41 Questions 75 Minutes Directions: For each of the following questions, blacken the oval next to the correct answer. To simulate the experience of taking the CAT, answer each question in order. Do not skip any questions, and do not go back to any questions you have already answered. For Sentence Correction Questions: In questions of this type, eaither part or all of a sentence is underlined. The sentence is followed by five ways of writing the underlined part. Answer Choice (A), repeats the original; the other choices vary. If you think the original phrasing is the best, choose (A). If you think one of the other answer choices is the best, select that choice. Sentence correction questions test your ability to recognize correct and effective expression. Follow the requirements of Standard Written English: grammer, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that results in the clearest, most exact sentence, but does not change the meaning of the original senstence. Blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: The possibility of massive earthquakes are regarded by most area residents with a mixture of skepticism and caution. (A) are regarded by most are residents with (B) is regarded by most are residents with © is regarded by most are residents as (D) is mostly regarded by area residents with (E) by most area residents is regarded with Correct Answer: B For Critical Reasoning questions: Questions of this type ask you to analyze and evaluate the reasoning in short paragraphs or passages. For some questions, all of the answer choices may conceivably be answers to the question asked. You should select the BEST answer to the question, that is, an answer that does not require you to make assumptions that violate common sense standards by being implausible, redundant, irrelevant or inconsistent. After choosing the best answer, blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: In an extensive study of the reading habits of magazine subscribers, it was found that an average of four and five people actually read each copy of the most popular weekly news magazine. On this basis, we estimate that the 12,000 copies of Writer's Block that are sold each month are actually read by 48,000 to 60,000 people. The estimate above assumes that: (A) individual magazine readers generally enjoy more than one type of magazine (B) most of the readers of Writer's Block subscribe to the magazine © the ratio of readers to copies is the same for Writer's Block as for the weekly news magazine (D) the number of readers of the weekly news magazine is similar to the number of readers for Writer's Block (E) most readers enojy sharing copies of their favorite magazines with friends and family members Correct Answer: C For Reading Comprehension questions: Each passage is followed by questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes each statement or answers each question is accordance with the meaning of the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the oval next to your choice. 1. After reading two different poems, she could not decide which poem was the most beautiful, since each had their own unique features (A) she could not decide which poem was the most beautiful, since each had their own (B) she could not decide which poem was the more beautiful, since each had their own © she could not decide which poem was the most beautiful, since each had its own (D) she could not decide which poems were the most beautiful, since each had their own (E) she could not decide which poem was the more beautiful, since each had its own 2. The elusive French restaurant has been popular with business customers because of its excellent service, responsive management and because its parking facilities are extensive (A) because of its excellent service, responsive management and because its parking facilities are extensive (B) because of its excellent service, responsive management and because their parking facilities are extensive © because of its excellent service, which is excellent, management, which is responsive, and because of parking facilities which are extensive (D) because of its excellent service, responsive management and extensive parking facilities (E) because of its excellent service, responsive management, and its extensive parking facilities 3. Men's interest in developing a cure for cancer have promoted the rapid advances in the field now known as Genetic Engineering (A) Men's interest in developing a cure for cancer have promoted (B) Men's interest in developing a cure for cancer has promoted © That men are interested in developing ac ure for cancer have promoted (D) Interest in developing a cure for cancer has promoted (E) Man's interest in developing a cure for cancer has promoted Questions 4 and 5 Roberts is accused of a crime and Edwards is the prosecution's key witness I. Roberts can be convicted on the basis of Edwards' testimony against him II. Edwards' testimony would show that Edwards himself participated in Roberts' wrongdoing III. The crime of which Roberts is accused can only be committed by a person acting alone IV. If the jury learns that Edwards himself committed some wrong, they will refuse to believe any part of his testimony 4. If propositions I, II and III are assumed to be true and IV false, which of the following best describes the outcome of the trial? (A) Both Edwards and Roberts will be convicted of the crime of which Roberts is accused (B) Both Edwards and Roberts will be convicted of other crime other than the one with which Roberts is already charged © Roberts will be convicted while Edwards will not be convicted (D) Roberts will not be convicted (E) Roberts will testify against Edwards 5. If all four propositions are taken as a group, it can be pointed out that the scenario they describe is (A) A typical situation for a prosecutor (B) impossible because the propositions are logically inconsistent © unfair to Edwards, who may have to incriminate himself (D) unfair to Roberts, who may be convicted of the crime (E) one which Roberts' attorney has created 6. Delegates to the Republican Party convention chose their candidate and was able to ratify all aspects of his campaign platform at the convention in Denver. (A) chose their candidate and was able (B) chose their candidate and were able © chose its candidate and were able (D) chose its candidate and was able (E) had chosen their candidate and was able Questions 7 and 8 There is a curious, though nonetheless obvious contradiction in the suggestion that one person ought to give up his life to save the life of one other person who is not a more valuable member of the community. It it true that we glorify the sacrifice of the individual who throws herself in fromt of the attacker's bullets saving the life of her lover at the cost of her own. But here is the ---(7)-----: Her life is as important as his. Nothing is gained in the transaction; not from the community's viewpoint, for one life was exchanged for another equally as important, not from the heroine's viewpoint, for she is ----(8)----; and not from the rescued lover's perspective, for he would willingly have exchanged places. 7. (A) beauty of human love (B) tragedy of life © inevitability of death (D) defining characteristic of human existence (E) paradox of self-sacrifice 8. (A) dying (B) in love © dead (D) a heroine (E) a faithful companion 9. For the reason that the university's senior tenured faculty is still quite young and therefore many years away from retirement, it seems unlikely that the junior faculty will be able to easily achieve tenure in the foreseeable future. (A) For the reason that (B) Because © Being that (D) On account of (E) In that 10. Just as William Shakespeare was the preeminent poet of England, so Robert Frost was the preeminent poet of the United States (A) Just like William Shakespeare was the preeminent poet of England, so Robert Frost (B) Just as William Shakespeare was the preeminent poet of England, so Robert Frost © As William Shakespeare was the preeminent poet of England, Robert Frost (D) Just as England's preeminent poet was William Shakespeare, Robert Frost (E) As William Shakespeare was the preeminent poet of England, in the same manner Robert Frost 11. Jonas Salk, an American physician whose careful studies demonstrated a means of providing lasting immunity to polio (A) Jonas Salk, an American physician whose careful studies demonstrated a means of providing lasting immunity to polio (B) Providing lasting immunity to polio was demonstrated by Jonas Salk, an American physician with careful studies © Jonas Salk was an American physician who had careful studies demonstrated a means of providing lasting immunity to polio (D) Jonas Salk was an American physician whose careful studies demonstrated a means of providing lasting immunity to polio (E) Jonas Salk, whose careful studies demonstrated a means of providing lasting immunity to polio, an American physician Questions 12 - 18 In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an individual; rather it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied int he rules of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is first a sacred script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head sanctifies sainthood, while the halo impressed with a cross signifes divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines water or the sea. A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves, informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village, and should an angel be watching from the battlements, the city is thereby identified as Jerusalem. Saint Peter is always depicted with curly hair, a short beard, and a tonsure, while Saint Paul has always a bald head and a long beard. A second characteristic of this iconography is obedience to a sacred mathematics. "The Divine Wisdom" wrote Saint Augustine, "reveals itself everywhere in numbers", a doctrine attributable to the neo-Platonists who revived the genius of Pythagoras. Twelve is the master number of the Church and is the product of three, the number of the Trinity, and four, the number of material elements. The number seven, the most mysterious of all numbers, is the sum of four and three. Ther are seven ages of man, seven virtues, seven planets. In the final analysis, the seven-tone scale of Gregorian music is the sensible embodiment of the order of the universe. Numbers also require a symmetry. At Chartes, a stained glass window shows the four prophets, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Daniel and Jeremiah, carrying on their shoulders the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. A third characteristic of this art is to be a symbolic language, showing us one thing and inviting us in to see another. In this respect, the artist was called upon to imitate God, who had hidden a profound meaning behind the literal and wished nature itself to be a moral lesson to man. Thus, every painting is an allegory. In a scene of the final judgment, we see the foolish virgins at the left hand of Jesus and the wise at his right, and we understand that this symbolizes those who are lost and those who are saved. Even seemingly insignificant details carry hidden meaning: The lion in a stained glass window is the figure of the Resurrection. These, then, are the defining characteristics of the art of the Middle Ages, a system within which even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artists of the early Renaissance broke the tradition at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works, and, even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules. 12. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) theorize about the immediate influences on art of the Middle Ages (B) explain why artists of the Middle Ages followed the rules of a sacred script © discuss some of the important features of art of the Middle Ages (D) contrast the art of the Middle Ages with that of the Renaissance (E) explain with the Middle Ages has a passion for order and numbers 13. It can be inferred that a painting done in the Middle Ages is most likely to contain (A) elements representing the numbers three aand four (B) a moral lesson hidden behind the literal figures © highly stylized buildings and trees (D) figures with halos and bare feet (E) a signature of the artist and the date of execution 14. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the art of the Middle Ages? (A) The author understands and admires it (B) The author regards it as the greatest art of all time © The author prefers the music of the period to the art (D) The author realizes the constraints placed on the artist and is disappointed that individuality is never evident (E) The author regards it generally as inferior to the works produced during the period preceding it 15. The author refers to Saint Augustine in order to (A) refute a possible objection (B) ridicule a position © present a suggestive analogy (D) avoid a contradiciton (E) provide proof by illustration 16. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as elements of the sacred script EXCEPT (A) abstract symbols such as lines to represent physical features (B) symbols such as halos and crosses © clothing used to characterize individuals (D) symmetrical juxtaposition of figures (E) use of figures to identify locations 17. The passage would most likely be found in a (A) sociological analysis of the Middle Ages (B) treatise on the influence of the Church in the Middle Ages © scholarly analysis of art in the Middle Ages (D) preface to a biography of Saint Augustine (E) pamphlet discussing religious beliefs 18. By the phrase "diffused through the artistic genius of centuries", the author most likely means (A) the individual artists of the Middle Ages did not have serious talent (B) great works of art from the Middle Ages have survived until now © an artist who faithfully follows the rules of religious art was not recognized during his lifetime (D) the rules of religious art, developed over time, left little freedom for the artist (E) religious art has greater value than the secualr art of the Renaissance 19. There are no lower bus fares from Salem to Warren than those of Fast Bus Line. Which of the following is logically inconsistent with the above advertising claim? I. Long Lines Airways has a Salem to Warren fare that is only one-half that charged by Fast. II. Rapid Transit Bus Company charges the same fare for a bus from Salem III. Cherokee Bus Corporation has a lower fare from Warren to Boston than does Fast. (A) I only (B) II only © I and II only (D) I, II and III (E) None of the statements is inconsistent 20. It is well-documented fact that for all teenage couples who marry, the marriages of those who do not have children in the first year of their marriage survive more than twice as long as the marriages of those teenage couples in which the wife does give birth within the first 12 months of marriage. Therefore, many divorces could be avoided if teenagers who marry were encouraged to seek counseling on birth control as soon after marriage as possible. The evidence regarding teenage marriages supports the author's conclusion only if (A) in those couples to which a child was born within the first 12 months, there is not a significant number in which the wife was pregnant at the time of marriage (B) the children born during the first year of marriage to those divorcing couples lived with the teenage couple © the child born into such a marriage did not die at birth (D) society actually has an interest in determining whether or not people should be divorced if there are not children involved (E) encouraging people to stay married when they do not plan to have any children is a good idea 21. Clarence: Mary is one of the most important executives at the Ace Cola Company. Peter: How can that be? I know for a fact that Mary drinks only Jolt Cola. Peter's statement implies that (A) Jolt Cola is a subsidiary of Ace Cola (B) Mary is an unimportant employee of Jolt Cola © all cola drinks taste pretty much alike (D) an executive uses only that company's products (E) Jolt is a better-tasting cola than Ace 22. The selection in the free-agent draft was based less on the player's availability and more on his willingness to accept a low salary. (A) and more on (B) than © but more on (D) as on (E) than on 23. The winding roads of Austin were less in number than Dallas (A) were less in number than Dallas (B) were less in number than those of Dallas © were fewer in number than that of Dallas (D) were fewer in number than those of Dallas (E) were less than Dallas 24. The nurse told me that the doctor's office closes at 5:00 pm (A) The nurse told me that the doctor's office closes at 5:00 pm (B) The nurse told me that the doctor's office closed at 5:00 pm © The nurse had told me that the doctor's office had closed at 5:00 pm (D) The nurse told me that the doctor's office closes at 5:00 pm (E) The nurse told me that the doctor's office would have to close at 5:00 pm 25. Erica: Participation in intramural competitive sports teaches students the importance of teamwork, fo no one wants to let teammates down. Nick: This is not correct. The real reason students play hard is such that programs place a premium on winning and no one wants to be a member of a losing team. Which of the following comments can most reasonably be made about the exchange between Erica and Nick? (A) If fewer and fewer schools are sponsoring intramural sports programs now than a decade ago, Erica's position is undermined (B) If high shcools and universities provide financial assistance for the purchase of sports equipment, Nick's assertion about the importance of winning is weakened © If teamwork was essential to success in intramural competitive sports, Erica's position and Nick's position are not necessarily incompatible (D) Since the argument is one about motivation, it should be possible to resolve the issue by taking a survey of deans at schools that have intramural sports programs (E) Since the question raised is about hidden psychological states, it is impossible to answer it 26. Cory must have known that his sister Janet and not the governess pulled the trigger, but he silently stood by while the jury convicted the governess. Any person of clear conscience would have felt terrible for not having come forward with the information about his sister, and Cory lived with that information until his death 30 years later. Since he was an extremely happy man, however, I conclude that he must have helped Janet commit the crime. Which of the following assumptions must underlie the author's conclusion of the last sentence? (A) Loyalty to members of one's family is conducive to contentment (B) Servants are not to be treated with the same respect as members of the family © Cory never had a bad conscience over his silence because he was also guilty of the crime (D) It is better to be a virtuous man than a happy one (E) It is actually better to be content in life than to behave morally toward one's fellow human beings 27. Current motion pictures give children a distorted view of the world. Animated features depict animals as loyal friends, compassionate creatures, and tender souls, while "spaghetti Westerns" portray men and women as deceitful and treacherous, cruel and wanton, hard and uncaring. Thus, children are taught to value animals more highly than other human beings. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the author's conclusion? I. Children are not allowed to watch "spaghetti Westerns" II. The producers of animated features do not want children to regard animals as higher than human beings III. Ancient fables, such as Androcles and the Lion, tell stories of the cooperation between animals and humans, and they usually end with a moral about human virtue (A) I only (B) II only © I and II only (D) III only (E) I, II and III Questions 28 - 34 The most damning thing that can be said about the world's best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only the leader in health status, but that it is so low in the ranks of the nations. The United States ranks 18th among nations of the world in male life expectancy at birth, 9th in female life expectancy at birth, and 12th in infant mortality. More importantly, huge variations are evident in health status in the United States from one place to the next and from one group to the next. The forces that affect health care can be aggregated into four groupings that lend themselves to analysis of all health problems. Clearly the largest aggregate of forces resides in the person's environment. His own behavior, in part derived from his experiences with his environment, is the next greatest force affecting his health. Medical care services, treated as separate from other environmental factors because of the special interest we have in them, make a modest contribution to health status. Finally, the contributions of heredity to health are difficult to judge. We are templated at conception as to our basic weaknesses and strengths, but many hereditary attributes never become manifest because of environmental and behavioral forces that act before the genetic forces come to maturity and other hereditary attributes are increasingly beling palliated by medical care. No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too lavishly and thus dangerously, but none of the countries which stand above us in health status have such a high proportion of medically disenfranchised persons. Given the evidence that medical care is good and that access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused by the significant proportion are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive affluence. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the United States than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life expectancy. In the notable poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life, and, in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care, basic education and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the United States a national unemployment level of 10% may be 40% in the ghetto, while less than 4% elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe or entrenched problems. Nor is such a high proportion of their people involved in them. Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous imbibing of alcohol, use of tobacco and drugs (prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities and our macho, combined with the relatively low cost of bad foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by the redistribution so much as a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all. 28. Which of the following would be the most logical continuation of the passage? (A) Suggestions for specific proposals to improve the quality of life in America (B) A listing of the most common causes of death among male and female adults © An explanation of the causes of poverty in America, both absolute and relative (D) A proposal to ensure that residents of central cities receive more and better medical care (E) A study of the overcrowding in urban hospitals serving primarily the poor 29. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT (A) the availability of medical care services (B) the genetic endowment of individuals © overall environmental factors (D) the nation's relative position in health status (E) an individual's own behavior 30. The author is primarily concerned with (A) condemning the United States for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor (B) evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor health status in the United States © providing information which the reader can use to improve his or her own personal health (D) comparing the general health of the US with world averages (E) advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of the US population 31. The passage best supports which of the following conclusions about the relationship between per capita expenditures for medical care and the health of a population? (A) The per capital expenditure for medical care has relatively little effect on the total amount of medical care available to a population (B) The genetic makeup of a population is a more powerful determinant of the health of a population than the per capita expenditure for medical care © A population may have a very high per capital expenditure for medical care and yet have a lower health care status than other populations with lower per capita expenditures (D) The higher the per capita expenditure on medical care, the more advanced is the medical technology; the more advanced the technology, the better is the health of the population (E) Per capita outlays for medical care devoted to adults are likely to have a greater effect on the status of the population than outlays devoted to infants 32. The author refers to the excessive intake of alcohol and tobacco and drug use in order to (A) show that some health problems cannot be attacked by better medical care (B) demonstrate that use of tobacco and intoxicants is detrimental to health © cite examples of individual behavior which have adverse consequence for health status (D) refute the contention that poor health is related to access to medical care (E) illustrate ways in which affluence may contribute to poor health status 33. The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions? (A) What is the most powerful influence in the health status of a population? (B) Which nation in the world leads in health status? © Is the life expectancy of males in the United States longer than that of females? (D) What are the most important genetic facotrs influencing the health of an individual? (E) How can the United States reduce the incidence of unemployment in the ghetto? 34. In discussing the forces which influence health, the author implies that medical care services are (A) the least important of all (B) a special aspect of the individual's environment © a function of an individual's behavior pattern (D) becoming less important as technology improves (E) too expensive for most people 35. There is something irrational about our system of laws. The criminal law punishes a person more severely for having successfully committed a crime than it does a person who fails in his attempt to commit the same crime - even though the same evil intention is present in both cases. But under the civil law a person who attempts to defraud his victim but is unsuccessful is not required to pay damages. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument? (A) Most people who are imprisoned for crimes would commit another crime if they are ever released from prison (B) A person is morally culpable for his evil thoughts as well as for his evil deeds © There are more criminal laws on the books than there are civil laws on the books (D) A criminal trial is significantly more costly to the state than a civil trial (E) The goal of the criminal trial is to punish the criminal, but the goal of the civil law is to compensate the victim 36. In his most recent speech, my opponent, Governor Clark, accused me of having distorted the facts, misrepresenting his own position, suppressing information and deliberately lying to the people. Which of the following possible responses by this speaker would be LEAST relevant to his dispute with Governor Clark? (A) Governor Clark would not have begun to smear me if he did not sense that his own campaign was in seriosu trouble (B) Governor Clark apparently misunderstood my characterization of his position, so will attempt to state more clearly my understanding of it © At the time I made those remarks, certain key factors were not available, but new information uncovered by my staff does support the position I took at that time (D) I can only wish Governor Clark had specified those points he considered to be lies so that I could have responded to them now (E) With regard to the allegedIy distorted facts, the source of my information is a Department of Health publication entitled "Safe Eating" 37. It has been shown through extensive physical and statistical testing that domestic cars accelerate like foreign cars do. (A) accelerate like foreign cars do (B) can accelerate like foreign cars do © accelerate as foreign cars (D) accelerate as foreign cars do (E) will accelerate as foreign cars 38. Results of the recent study make it mandatory that the scientist rejects implementation of the experimental procedure. (A) rejects (B) should reject © reject (D) must reject (E) will reject 39. Politicians are primarily concerned with their own survival; artists are concerned with revealing truth. Of course, the difference in their reactions is readily predictable. For example, while the government leaders wrote laws to ensure the triumph of industrialization in Western Europe, artists painted, wrote about, and composed music in response to the horrible conditions created by the Industrial Revolution. Only later did political leaders come to see what the artists had immediately perceived, and then only through a glass darkly. Experience teaches us that -----------. (A) artistic vision perceives in advance of political practice (B) artists are utopian by nature while governmental leaders are practical © throughout history political leaders have not been very responsive to the needs of their people (D) the world would be a much better place to live if only artists would become kings (E) history is the best judge of the progress of civilization 40. A parent must be constant and even-handed in the imposition of burdens and punishments and distribution of liberties and rewards. In good times, a parent who too quickly bestows awards creates an expectation of future rewards that he may be unable to fulfill during bad times. In bad times, a parent who waits too long to impose the punishment gives the impression that his response was forced, and the child may interpret this as -------. (A) a signal from his parent that the parent is no longer interested in the child's welfare (B) a sign of weakness in the parent that he can exploit © indicating a willingness on the part of the parent to bargain away liberties in exchange for the child's assuming some new responsibilities (D) an open invitation to retaliate (E) a symbol of his becoming an adult 41. Fidel Castro found it simple to seize power, but maintaining it difficult. (A) maintaining it difficult (B) its maintenance difficult © difficult to maintain it (D) difficulty was experienced in maintaining it (E) difficult inasmuch as maintaining it was concerned Quantitative Section 37 Questions 75 Minutes Directions: For each of the following questions, blacken the oval next to the correct answer. To simulate the experience of taking the CAT, answer each question in order. Do not skip any questions, and do not go back to any questions you have already answered. Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers. Figures: The diagrams and figures that accompany these questions are for the purpose of providing information useful in answering the questions. Unless it is stated that a specific figure is not drawn to scale, the diagrams and figures are drawn as accurately as possible. All figures are in a plane unless otherwise indicated. For Data Sufficiency questions: Each question is followed by two numbered facts. You are to determine whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Use the data given, plus your knowledge of math and everyday facts, to choose between the five possible answers. Blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: Which car, X or Y, uses more gas? (1) Car X uses 90 gallons per 500 mile trip (2) For the 500 mile trip, Car X uses 1.5 more gas than Y (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question Correct Answer: B 1. If the average of x, y, and 30 is 10, then the average of x and y is (A) 0 (B) 5 © 7.5 (D) 10 (E) 30 2. All of the 120 seniors in Warren High School are members of the chess club, the pep club or both. If 90 seniors are in the pep club and 70 seniors are in the chess club, how many seniors are in both clubs? (A) 10 (B) 20 © 30 (D) 40 (E) 50 3. Exactly how many pennies are there in Cara's piggy bank? (1) There are more than 7 pennies in the bank (2) There are fewer thaan 9 pennies in the bank (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 4. Jake bought a $2400 computer on a monthly payment plan. How much money does Jake still owe on the computer? (1) He has made 6 payments (2) He still owes 10 payments of $150 each (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 5. Does x = 15? (1) The average of x, y and z is 15 (2) y = -z (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 6. How far is terminal X from terminal Z? (1) Terminal Y is 5 miles form terminal Z (2) Terminal X is 3 miles from terminal Y (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 7. What was the annual interest earned on a savings account of $3,000? (1) The rate of interest in the account was 5.25% annual simple interest (2) The account was maintained for 10 days (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 8. Is Sally taller than Jasmine? (1) Sally is taller than Bridget (2) Bridget is shorter than Jasmine (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 9. If a and b are positive integers an aaabb = 72, then a+b = (A) 36 (B) 17 © 8 (D) 6 (E) 5 10. (0.250) / (0.333) divided by (0.125) / (0.167) is most nearly (A) 10 (B) 5 © 1 (D) 0.667 (E) 0.500 11. Which of the following fractions is closest to 1, given that a > b > 1? (A) a / b (B) (a+2) / (b+2) © (a+1) / (b+1) (D) (a+1) / b (E) (a-1) / (b-1) 12. In an office with 21 staff members, one-third are men and two-thirds are women. To obtain a staff in which one-quarter are men, how many women should be hired? (A) 7 (B) 5 © 3 (D) 2 (E) 1 13. In College X, 40 percent of the women and 20 percent of the men are taking classes in math. If 55 percent of the students at College X are women, what percent of all College X students take math classes? (A) 35 (B) 31 © 30 (D) 26 (E) 25 14. If cylinder A has three times the height and one-third the diameter of cylinder B, what is the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B? (A) 3:1 (B) 1:1 © 1:3 (D) 1:9 (E) 1:27 15. What is the 57th number in a series of numbers? (1) Each number in the series is 3 more than the preceding number (2) The tenth number in the series is 29 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 16. A jogger desires to run a certain course in 25% less time than she usually takes; by what percent must she increase her average running speed to accomplish this goal? (A) 20% (B) 25% © 33.3% (D) 50% (E) 75% 17. Jacob took a test composed of 125 questions. What percent of all the questions on the test did Jacob answer correctly? (1) He left 20 of the questions blank (2) He answered 53 of the questions correctly (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 18. A clothing manufacturer has determined that she can sell 100 suits a week at a selling price of $200 each. For each rise of $4 in the selling price she will sell two less suits each week. If she sells the suits for x dollars each, how many dollars a week will she receive from sales of the suits? (A) {(x)(x)} / 2 (B) 200 - (x / 2) © 50x + {(x)(x) / 4} (D) 150x - {(x)(x) / 4} (E) 200x - {(x)(x) / 4} 19. A magazine costs $1.00 per copy to produce. If $20,000 was taken in for advertising in the magazine, how many copies at 75 cents per copy must be sold to make a profit of exactly $10,000? (A) 10,000 (B) 20,000 © 25,000 (D) 35,000 (E) 40,000 20. If a is a positive integer and if the remainders of 4 and 6 are obtained when 89 and 125, respectively, are divided by a, then a = (A) 7 (B) 9 © 15 (D) 17 (E) 19 21. A pen and pencil set costs $12, the same as when the items are bought separately. If the pen costs $11 more than the pencil, what is the cost of the pencil? (A) $0.50 (B) $1.00 © $1.50 (D) $6.00 (E) $11.00 22. A salesman makes a commission of x percent on the first $2,000 worth of sales in any given month and y percent on all further sales during that month. If he makes $700 from $4,000 of sales in October and he makes $900 from $5,000 of sales in November, what is the value of x? (A) 2% (B) 5% © 10% (D) 15% (E) 20% 23. What percent of the selling price of item X was profit? (1) The profit was $20 less than the selling price of item X (2) The cost of the item was 75% of the selling price (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 24. If a is a positive integer, what is the value of 75 percent of (b/a)? (1) a = 2 (2) b = 4a (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 25. What are the chances that a die will come up six on the fifth roll? (1) It is a normal six-sided die which is unbiased and always comes up either one, two, three, four, five or six (2) The first four rolls came up six (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 26. How old is Zachary now? (1) The product of his age now and his age five years from now is 24 (2) Six years from now he will be three times as old as he is now (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 27. How many square floor tiles of sixe x will it take to cover a rectangular kitchen floor? (1) The width of the kitchen floor is 10x (2) The length of the kitchen floor is 30x (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 28. If (1/x) (A) x > y (B) x and y are negative © x and y are positive (D) x (E) none of the above 29. The price of a left-handed widget increased 20% in August and 10% in December. By approximately what percent would the price after December have to be decreased to restore the price of the widget to its pre-August price? (A) 40% (B) 35% © 30% (D) 26% (E) 24% 30. Patrice invested a sum of money at an annual simple interest rate of 10.5%. At the end of four years the amount invested plus interest earned was $781.00. What was the dollar amount of the original investment? (A) $231.84 (B) $318.16 © $550.00 (D) $750.00 (E) $781.84 31. If a taxicab charges x cents for the first 1/9 mile and (x/5) cents for each additional 1/9 mile or fraction thereof, what is the charge, in cents, for a ride of y miles, where y is a whole number? (A) x + {(xy-x) / 45} (B) x - {(xy-x) / 45} © (2x+9y) / 5 (D) x + {(9x-y) / 5} (E) x + {(9xy-y) / 5} 32. The formula for calculating the final velocity of a body, initially at rest, that undergoes a constant acceleration is v squared = 2ad; where v is the final velocity, a is the acceleration and d is the distance traveled. If a body initially at rest is subjected to a constant acceleration of 10 meters per second squared until it reaches a velocity of 20 meters per second, how far, expressed in meters, has the body travelled? (A) 200 (B) 100 © 40 (D) 20 (E) 10 33. Two mail sorters, P and Q, work at constant rates. If P can sort x letters in 60 minutes and Q can sort x letters in 30 minutes, how long will it take (expressed in minutes) for both sorters, working together but independently, to sort x letters? (A) 45 (B) 20 © 15 (D) 10 (E) 3 34. If 20 liters of chemical X are added to 80 liters of a mixture that is 10% chemical X and 90% chemical Y, then what percentage of the resulting mixture is chemical X? (A) 15% (B) 28% © 33.3% (D) 40% (E) 60% 35. What is the height of a cylindrical condensed milk can with a diameter of 4 inches? (1) The number of cubic inches in the volume of the can is 10 times the radius of the can (2) The can holds 2 pounds of milk (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 36. If the ratio of the radii of two circles is 3 to 2, then the ratio of the areas of the two circles is (A) 2 to 3 (B) 3 to 4 © 4 to 9 (D) 9 to 4 (E) 3 to 2 37. If a+b+c=50, what is the value of a? (1) c = 4a-b (2) The average of b and c is 2a (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question Answer Key for GMAT # 3 Verbal Section 1. E 9. B 17. C 25. C 33. A 2. D 10. A 18. D 26. C 34. B 3. D 11. D 19. E 27. A 35. E 4. D 12. C 20. A 28. A 36. A 5. B 13. B 21. D 29. D 37. D 6. B 14. A 22. E 30. B 38. C 7. E 15. E 23. D 31. C 39. A 8. C 16. D 24. A 32. E 40. B 41. C Quantitative Section 1. A 10. C 19. E 28. E 2. D 11. B 20. D 29. E 3. C 12. A 21. A 30. C 4. B 13. B 22. D 31. E 5. C 14. C 23. B 32. D 6. E 15. C 24. B 33. B 7. A 16. C 25. A 34. B 8. E 17. B 26. D 35. A 9. E 18. E 27. C 36. D 37. D

GMAT #2 Analytical Writing Assessment I. Analysis of an Issue. Time: 30 minutes Directions: In this section you will have 30 minutes to analyze and explain your views on the topic presented below. Read the statement and directions carefully. Write only on the topic given. An essay on a topic other than the one assigned will automatically be assigned a grade of 0. Note: On the CAT version, you will keyboard your essay. For this exercise, allow yourself three sides of regular 8.5 x 11 inch paper for each essay response. In regions which have four distinct seasons, some people would say that the autumn is the best time of year. The season offers beautiful foilage, brisk weather and a bountiful harvest. Others would say that spring is the best time of year because it is the rebirth of nature and signals warming temperature. Which position do you find more compelling? Explain your position using reasons and/or examples drawn from your personal experience, observations or readings. II. Analysis of an Argument. Time: 30 minutes Directions: In this section you will have 30 minutes to write a critique of the argument presented below. Read the argument and directions carefully. Write only on the topic given. An essay on a topic other than the one assigned will automatically be assigned a grade of 0. Note: On the CAT version, you will keyboard your essay. For this exercise, allow yourself three sides of regular 8.5 x 11 inch paper for each essay response. The dieticians in our public schools supervise the ordering, preparation and serving of lunches and sometimes breakfast to school children. The state should implement a program of continuing education for these people. If dieticians were required to attend a three-day workshop each year, covering topics such as recent developments in nutritional theory and new methods of food preservation, as a condition of employment, the quality of the food eaten by school children would be greatly improved. How persuasive do you find this argument? Explain your point of view by analyzing the line of reasoning an the use of evidence in the argument. Discuss also, what, if anything, would make the argument more persuasive or would help you better to evaluate its conclusion. Verbal Section 41 Questions 75 Minutes Directions: For each of the following questions, blacken the oval next to the correct answer. To simulate the experience of taking hte CAT, answer each question in order. Do not skip any questions, and do not go back to any questions you have already answered. For Sentence Correction Questions: In questions of this type, either part or all of a sentence is underlined. The sentence is followed by five ways of writing the underlined part. Answer Choice (A), repeats the original; the other choices vary. If you think the original phrasing is the best, choose (A). If you think one of the other answer choices is the best, select that choice. Sentence correction questions test your ability to recognize correct and effective expression. Follow the requirements of Standard Written English: grammer, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that results in the clearest, most exact sentence, but does not change the meaning of the original senstence. Blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: The possibility of massive earthquakes are regarded by most area residents with a mixture of skepticism and caution. (A) are regarded by most are residents with (B) is regarded by most are residents with © is regarded by most are residents as (D) is mostly regarded by area residents with (E) by most area residents is regarded with Correct Answer: B For Critical Reasoning questions: Questions of this type ask you to analyze and evaluate the reasoning in short paragraphs or pasages. For some questions, all of the answer choices may conceivably be answers to the question asked. You should select the BEST answer to the question, that is, an answer that does not require you to make assumptions that violate common sense standards by being implausible, redundant, irrelevant or inconsistent. After choosing the best answer, blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: In an extensive study of the reading habits of magazine subscribers, it was found that an average of four and five people actually read each copy of the most popular weekly news magazine. On this basis, we estimate that the 12,000 copies of Writer's Block that are sold each month are actually read by 48,000 to 60,000 people. The estimate above assumes that: (A) individual magazine readers generally enjoy more than one type of magazine (B) most of the readers of Writer's Block subscribe to the magazine © the ratio of readers to copies is the same for Writer's Block as for the weekly news magazine (D) the number of readers of the weekly news magazine is similar to the number of readers for Writer's Block (E) most readers enojy sharing copies of their favorite magazines with friends and family members Correct Answer: C For Reading Comprehension questions: Each passage is followed by questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes each statement or andswers each question is accordance with the meaning of the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the oval next to your choice. 1. Is has been said that to be afraid of the dark is being afraid of all those things we cannot comprehend and, therefore, instinctively fear. (A) said that to be afraid of the dark is being afraid (B) said, that to be afraid of the dark, is being afraid © said being afraid of the dark is to be afraid (D) siad that to be afraid of the dark is to be afraid (E) said that to be being afraid of the dark is to be being afraid 2. Hurtling through space, Anna saw a shooting star and was transfixed by the rare beauty of this sight. (A) Hurtling through space, Anna saw a shooting star and was transfixed by the rare beauty of this sight (B) Anna saw a shooting star and was transfixed by the rare beauty of this sight hurtling through space © Anna saw a shooting star hurtling through space and was transfixerd by the rare beauty of this sight (D) Anna saw, hurtling through space, a shooting star and was transfixed by the rare beauty of this sight (E) Transfixed by the rare beauty of this sight, Anna saw a shooting star hurtling through space 3. A study on the therapeutic value of pets as companions for the elderly has shown that cats are more superior than dogs as far as household companions are concerned (A) are more superior than dogs as far as household companions are concerned (B) are superior to dogs as household companions © are superior to dogs as far as household companions are concerned (D) are more superior to dogs as household companions (E) are superior household companions than dogs 4. Children in the first three grades who attend private schools spend each day working with a computerized reading program. Public schools have few such programs. Tests prove, however, that public school children are much weaker in reading skills when compared to their private school counterparts. We conclude, therefore, that public school children can be good readers onlt if they participate in a computerized reading program. The author's initial statements logically support his conclusion only if which of the following is also true? (A) All children can learn to be good readers if they are taught by a computerized reading program (B) All children can learn to read at the same rate if they participate in a computerized reading program © Better reading skills produce better students (D) Computerized reading programs are the critical factor in the better reading skills of private scholl students (E) Public school students can be taught better math skills 5. Is your company going to continue to discriminate against women in its hiring and promotion policies? The above question might be considered unfair for which of the following reaosns? I. Its construction seeks a "yes" or "no" answer where both might be inappropriate II. It is internally inconsistent III. It contains a hidden presupposition which the responder might wish to contest (A) I only (B) II only © I and II only (D) I and III only (E) I, II and III 6. Tibetan rugs are so expensive because the weaver still pursues his art as they have for centuries, by hand-dyeing all their wool and then knotting each thread individually to achieve a unique pattern for each piece. (A) the weaver still pursues his art as they have (B) the weaver still pursues his art as he has © weavers still pursue their art as they have (D) weavers still pursue their art as was done (E) the weaver still pursues his art as has been done Questions 7 and 8 Ms. Eva Rose argued that money and time invested in acquiring a professional degree are totally wasted. As evidence supporting her argument, she offered the case of a man who, at considerable expense of money and time, completed his law degree and then married and lived as a house-husband, taking care of their children and working part time at a day care center so his wife could pursue her career. 7. Ms. Rose makes the unsupported assumption that (A) an education in the law is useful only in pursuing law-related activities (B) what was not acceptable 25 years ago may very well be acceptable today © wealth is more important than learning (D) professional success is a function of the quality of one's education (E) only the study of law can be considered professional study 8. The logical reasoning of Ms. Rose's argument is closely paralleled by which of the folllowing? (A) A juvenile delinquent who insists that his behavoir should be attributable to the fact that his parents did not love him (B) A senator who votes large sums of money for military equipment, but who votes against programs designed to help the poor © A conscientious objector who bases his draft resistance on the premise that there can be no moral wars (D) When a policeman is found guilty of murdering his wife, an opponent of police brutality who says, "That's what the people mean by law and order." (E) A high school senior who decides that rather than go to college he will enroll in a vocational training program to learn to be an electrician 9. A number of prominent educators question whether the decreasing enrollment of students in colleges and universities is a reversible trend and fear that if the numbers do not go up, many institutions of higher learning will simply go out of business. (A) whether the decreasing (B) decreased © that the decreassing (D) if the decreasing (E) the decreased 10. If I was President, I would call an immediate halt to the development of all nuclear weapons (A) If I was President, I would call an immediate halt (B) If President, I would call an immediate halt © If I was President, I would immeidate call a halt (D) As President, I would call an immediate halt (E) If I were President, I would call an immediate halt 11. A survey of American business schools concludes that female students are more concerned about job discrimination than male students. (A) female students are more concerned about job discrimination than male students. (B) female students are more concerned about job discrimination than male students are © female students, as opposed to male students, are more conderned about job discrimination (D) female students are more concerned about job discrimination than male students are concerned (E) female students are more concerned about job discrimination than their male counterparts Questions 12 - 18 Although it is now posible to bring most high blood pressure under control, the causes of essential hypertension remain elusive. Understanding how hypertension begins is at least partly a problem of understanding when in life it begins, and this may be very early - perhaps within the first few months of life. Since the beginning of the century, physicians have been aware that hypertension may run in families, but before the 1970's, studies of the familial aggregation of blood pressure treated only populations 15 years of age or older. Few studies were attempted in younger persons because of a prevailing notion that blood pressures in this age group were difficult to measure and unreliable and because essential hypertension was widely regarded as a disease of adults. In 1972, a study of 700 children, ages 2 to 14, used a special blood pressure recorder which minimizes observer error and allows for standardization of blood pressure readings. Before then, it had been well established that the blood pressure of adults aggregates familially, that is, the similarities between the blood pressure of an individual and his siblings are generally too great to be explained by chance. The 1971 study showed than familial clustering was measurable in children as well, suggesting that factors responsible for essential hypertension are acquired in childhood. Additional epidemiological studies demonstrated a clear tendency for the children to retain the same blood pressure patterns, relative to their peers, four years later. Thus, a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to remain higher or lower with increasing age. Meanwhile, other investigators uncovered a complex of physiologic roles - including blood pressure- for a vasoactive system called the kallikrein-kinin system. Kallikreins are enzymes in the kidney and blood plasma that act on precursors called kininogens to produce vasoactive peptides called kinins. Several different kinins are produced, at least three of which are power blood vessel dilators. Apparently, the kallikrein-kinin system normally tends to offset the elevations in arterial pressure that result from the secretion of salt-conserving hormones such as aldosterone on the one hand and from activation of the sympathetic nervous system (which tends to constrict blood vessels) on the other hand. It is also known that urinary kallikrein excretion is abnormally low in subjects with essential hypertension. Levels of urinary kallikrein in children are inversely related to the diastolic blood pressure of both children and their mothers. Children with the lowest kallikrein levels are found in families with the highest blood pressures. In addition, black children tend to show somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels than white children, and blacks are more likely to have high blood pressure. There is a great deal to be learned about the biochemistry and physiology of the kallikrein-kinin system. But there is the possibility that essential hypertension will prove to have biochemical precursors. 12. The author is primarily concerned with (A) questioning the assumption behind certain experiments involving children under the age of 15 (B) describing the new scientific findings about blood pressure and suggesting some implications © describing two different methods of studying the causes of high blood pressure (D) revealing a discrepancy between the findings of epidemiological studies and laboratory studies on essential hypertension (E) arguing that high blood pressure may be influenced by familial factors 13. Which of the following are factors mentioned by the author which discouraged studies of essential hypertension in children? I. The belief that children generally did not suffer from essential hypertension II. The belief that it was difficult or impossible to measure accurately blood pressures in children III. The belief that blood pressure in adults aggregates familially (A) I only (B) II only © III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II and III 14. The argument of the passage leads most naturally to which of the following conclusions? (A) A low output of urinary kallikrein is a likely cause of high blood pressure in children (B) The kallikrein-kinin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure © Essential hypertension may have biochemical precursors which may be useful predictors in children (D) The failure of the body to produce sufficient amounts of kinins is the cause of essential hypertension (E) It is now possible to predict high blood pressure by using familial aggregations and urinary kallikrein measurement 15. The author refers to the somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels in black children in order to (A) support the thesis that kallikrein levels are inversely related to blood pressure (B) highlight the special health problems involved by treating populations with high concentrations of black children © offer a causal explanation for the difference in urinary kallikrein levels between black and white children (D) suggest that further study needs to be done on the problem of high bood pressure among black adults (E) prove that hypertension can be treated if those persons likely to have high blood pressure can be found 16. The author suggests that the kallikrein-kinin system may affect blood pressure in which of the following ways? I. By directly opposing the tendency of the sympathetic nervous system to constrict blood vessels II. By producing kinins, which tend to dilate blood vessels III. By suppressing the production of hormones such as aldosterone (A) I only (B) II only © I and III only (D) II ans III only (E) I, II and III 17. The evidence that a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to retain the same blood pressure pattern with increasing age is introduced by the author in order to (A) suggest that essential hypertension may have biochemical causes (B) show that high blood pressure can be detected in children under the age of 15 © provide evidence that factors affecting blood pressure are already present in children (D) propose that increased screening of children for high blood pressure should be undertaken (E) refute arguments that blood pressure in children cannot be measured reliably 18. The author's argument is presented primarily by (A) contrasting two methods of doing scientific research (B) providing experimental evidence against a conclusion © presenting new scientific findings for a conclusion (D) analyzing a new theory and showing its defects (E) criticizing scientific research on blood pressure done before 1971 19. A cryptographer has intercepted an enemy message that is in code. He knows that the code is a simple substitution of numbers for letters. Which of the following would be the least helpful in breaking the code? (A) Knowing the frequency with which the vowels of the language are used (B) Knowing the frequency with which two vowels appear together in the language © Knowing the frequency with which odd numbers appear relative to even numbers in the message (D) Knowing the conjugation of the verb to be in the language on which the code is based (E) Knowing every word in the language that begins with the letter R 20. One way for reducing commuting time for those who work in the cities is to increase the speed at which traffic moves in the heart of the city. This can be accomplished by raising the tolls on the tunnels and bridges connecting the city with other communities. This will discourage auto traffic into the city and will encourage people to use public transportation instead. Which of the following, if true, would LEAST weaken the argument above? (A) Nearly all of the traffic in the center of the city is commerical traffic which will continue despite the toll increases (B) Some people now driving alone into the city would choose to car pool with each other rather than use public transportation © Any temporary improvement in traffic flow would be lost because the improvement itself would attract more cars (D) The numbers of commuters who would be deterred by the toll increases would be insignificant (E) The public transportation system is not able to handle any significant increase in the number of commuters using the system 21. An independent medical research team recently did a survey at a mountain retreat founded to help heavy smokers quit or cut down on their cigarette smoking. Eight percent of those smoking three packs a day or more were able to cut down to one pack a day after they began to take SmokeFree with its patented desire suppressant. Try SmokeFree to help you cut down significantly on your smoking. Which of the following could be offered as valid criticism of the above advertisement? I. Heavy smokers may be physically as well as psychologically addicted to tobacco II. A medicine that is effective for heavy smokers may not be effective for the population of smokers generally III. A survey conducted at a mountain retreat to aid smokers may yield different results than one would expect under other circumstances (A) I only (B) II only © III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II and III 22. The revelation that Shakespeare wrote certain of his plays expressly for Queen Elizabeth I lends credence to the theory that the dark lady of the sonnets was not Shakespeare's mistress not any other woman the playwright had romanced but, in fact, the Queen herself. (A) not Shakespeare's mistress not any other woman the playwright had romanced (B) neither Shakespeare's mistress or any other woman the playwright had romanced © neither Shakespeare's mistress nor any other woman the playwright had romanced (D) not Shakespeare's mistress or any other woman the playwright had romanced (E) not Shakespeare's mistress neither any other woman he had romanced 23. The recent drop in the prime interest rate probably results from the Federal Reserve Bank's tight money policy and its effect on lending institutions rather than to the drop in the overall rate of inflation (A) its effect on lending institutions rather than to the drop in the overall (B) its affect on lending institutions, as opposed to the drop in the overall © it's effect on lending institutions, rather than from the drop in the overall (D) its effect on lending institutions rather than from the drop in the overall (E) the effect on lending institutions, rather than to the drop in the overall 24. Before they will sit down and resume bargaining, the strikers demand that management halt legal proceedings, including current court actions aimed at incarcerating demonstrators, and releases all strike leaders who have already been jailed. (A) and releases all strike leaders who have already been jailed (B) and releasing all strike leaders who have already been placed in jail © and release all strike leaders who have already been jailed (D) in addition to releasing all presently jailed strike leaders (E) but release all strike leaders who have alreday been jailed 25. Jockey: Horses are the most noble of all animals. They are both loyal and brave. I knew of a farm horse which died of a broken heart shortly after its owner died. Veterinarian: You're wrong. Dogs can be just as loyal abnd brave. I had a dog who would wait in the front steps for me to come home and if I did not arrive until midnight, he would still be there. All of the following are true of the claims of the jockey and veterinarian EXCEPT (A) both claims assume that loyalty and bravery are characteristics which are desirable in animals (B) both claims assume that the two most loyal animals are the horse and the dog © both claims assume that human qualities can be attributed to animals (D) both claims are supported by only a single example of animal behavior (E) neither claim is supported by evidence other than the opinions and observations of the speakers 25. Ross assumed that human beings in the state of nature are characterized by a feeling of sympathy toward their fellow humans and other living creatures. In order to explain the existence of social ills, such as the exploitation of some human beings by other humans, Ross maintained that our natural feelings are crushed under the weight of unsympathetic social institutions. Ross's argument described above would be most strengthened if it could be explained how (A) creatures naturally characterized by feelings of sympathy for all living creatures could create unsympathetic social institutions (B) we can restructure our social institutions so that they will foster our natural sympathies for one another © modern reformers might lead the way to a life which is not inconsistent with the ideals of the state of nature (D) non-exploitive conduct could arise in conditions of the state of nature (E) a return to the state of nature from modern society might be accomplished 27. Every element on the periodic chart is radioactive, although the most stable elements have half-lives which are thousands and thousands of years long. When an atom decays, it splits into two or more smaller atoms. Even considering the fusion taking place inside of stars, there is only a negligible tendency for smaller atoms to transmute into larger ones. Thus, the ratio of ligther to heavier atoms in the universe is increasing at a measurable rate. Which of the following sentences provides the most logical continuation of this paragraph? (A) Without radioactive decay of atoms, there could be no solar combustion and no life as we know it (B) Therefore, it is imperative that scientists begin developing ways to reverse the trend and restore the proper balance between the lighter and heavier elements © Consequently, it is possible to use a shifting ratio of light to heavy atoms to calculate the age of the universe (D) Therefore, there are now more light elements in the universe than heavy ones (E) As a result, the fusion taking place inside stars has to produce enough atoms of the heavy elements to offset the radioactive decay of large atoms elsewhere in the universe. Questions 28 -34 Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children asistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The answer to this question depends on the relative importance of three categories of potential welfare recipients. The first is the "cheater" - the husband who is reported to have abandoned his family, but in fact disappears only when the social caseworker is in the neighborhood. The second consists of a loving husband and devoted father who, sensing his own inadequacy as a provider, leaves so that his wife and children may enjoy the relative benefit provided by public assistance. There is very little evidence that these categories are significant. The third category is the unhappily married couple who remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. This group is numerous. The formation, maintenance and dissolution off the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits of such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic "cement" holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, eg, division of property, alimony, child support and the social stigma attached to divorce. Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptance agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners' social-economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. The extent that welfare is a form of government-subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional cost of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government-subsidized alimony payments. 28. The author's primary concern is to (A) interpret the results of a survey (B) discuss the role of the father in low-income families © analyze the causes of a phenomenon (D) recommend reforms in the welfare system (E) change public attitude toward welfare recipients 29. Which of the following would provide the most logical continuation of the final paragraph? (A) Paradoxically, any liberalization of AFDC eligibility restrictions is likely to intensify, rather than mitigate, pressures of family stability (B) Actually, concern for the individual recipients should not be allowed to override considerations of sound fiscal policy © In reality, there is virtually no evidence that AFDC payments have any relationship at all to problems of family instability in low-income marriages (D) In the final analysis, it appears that government welfare payments, to the extent that the cost of marriage is lowered, encourage the formation of low-income families (E) Ultimately, the problem of low-income family instability can be eliminated by reducing welfare benefits to the point where the cost of dissolution equals the cost of staying married 30. All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT (A) the stigma attached to divorce (B) the social class of the partners © the cost of alimony and child support (D) the loss of property upon divorce (E) the greater consumption possibilities of married people 31. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (A) Welfare restrictions limiting the eligibility of families for benefits do not contribute to low-income family instability (B) Contrary to popular opinion, the most significant category of welfare recipients is not the "cheating" father © The incidence of family dissolution among low-income families is directly related to the inability of families with fathers to get welfare benefits (D) Very little of the divorce rate among low-income families can be attributed to fathers' deserting their families so that they can qualify for welfare (E) Government welfare payments are at present excessively high and must be reduced in order to slow the growing divorce rate among low-income families 32. The tone of the passage can best be described as (A) confident and optimistic (B) scientific and detached © discouraged and alarmed (D) polite and sensitive (E) callous and indifferent 33. With which of the following statements about marriage would the author most likely agree? (A) Marriage is an institution that is largely shaped by powerful but impersonal economic and social forces (B) Marriage has a greater value to people in higher income brackets than to people in lower income brackets © Society has no legitimate interest in encouraging people to remain married to one another (D) Marriage as an institution is no longer economically viable and will gradually give way to other forms of social organization (E) The rising divorce rate across all income brackets indicates that people are more self-centered and less concerned about others than before 34. The passage would most likely be found in a (A) pamphlet on civil rights (B) basic economics text © book on the history of welfare (D) religious tract on the importance of marriage (E) scholarly journal devoted to public policy questions Questions 35 and 36 Speaker: The great majority of people in the United States have access to the best medical care available anywhere in the world. Objector: There are thousands of poor in this country who cannat afford to pay to see a doctor. 35. Which of the following is true about the objector's comment? (A) It uses emotionally charged words (B) It constitutes a hasty generalization on few examples © It is not necessarily inconsistent with the speaker's remarks (D) It cites statistical evidence which tends to confirm the speaker's points (E) It overlooks the distinction the speaker draws between a cause and its effect 36. A possible objection to the speaker's comments would be to point to the existence of (A) a country which has more medical assistants than the United States (B) a nation where medical care is provided free of charge by the government © a country in which the people are given better medical care than Americans (D) government hearings in the United States on the problems poor people have getting medical care (E) a country which has a higher hospital bed per person ratio than the United States 37. Since they shared so much when they were growing up, Elizabeth and Sarah have cultivated a very special friendship and even now confide their most intimate thoughts only to one another. (A) to one another (B) one with the other © one with another (D) each to the other (E) to each other 38. Ibsen's plays posed as great a challenge to middle-class Scandinavians' expectations of the drama that almost a century later Edward Albee will offer to theatre goers in America. (A) that almost a century later Edward Albee will offer (B) that, almost a centry later, Edward Albee would offer © that, almost a centry later, Edward Albee did offer (D) just as, almost a century later, Edward Albee offered (E) as, almost a century later, Edward Albee would offer Questions 39 and 40 The blanks in the following paragraph indicate deletions from the text. For questions 39 and 40, select the completion that is most appropriate. I often hear smokers insisting that they have a right to smoke whenever and wherever they choose, as though there are no conceivable circumstances under which the law might not legitimately prohibit smoking. This contention is obviously indefensible. Implicit in the development of the concept of a right is the notion that one person's freedom of action iis circumscribed by the -------(39)------. It requires nothing more than common sense to realize that there are siutations in which smoking presents a clear and present danger: in a crowded theatre, around flammable materials, during take-off in an airplane. No one would seriously deny the potential harm of smoking in such circumstances more than outweighs the satisfaction a smoker would derive from smoking. Yet, this balancing is not unique to situations of potential catastrophe. It applies equally well to situations where the potential injury is small, though in most cases, as for example a person's table manners, the injury of the offended person is so slight we automatically strike the balance in favor of the person acting. But once it is recognized that a balance of freedoms must be struck, it follows that a smoker has a right to smoke only when and where ------(40) --------. 39. (A) Constitution of our nation (B) laws passed by Congress and interpreted by the Supreme Court © interest of any other person to not be injured or inconvenienced by that action (D) rights of other persons not to smoke (E) rights of non-smoking persons not to have to be subjected to the noxious fumes of tobacco smoking 40. (A) the government chooses to allow smoking (B) the smoker finally decides to light up © the smoker's interest in smoking outweighs the interests of other persons in his not smoking (D) the smoker can ensure that no other persons will be even slightly inconvenienced by the smoke (E) there are signs which explicitly state that smoking is allowed in that area 41. Although Joe Bass was perhaps the greatest tennis player of all time, his real accomplishments were overshadowed for many years by rumors about his personal life. (A) Although Joe Bass was perhaps the greatest tennis player of all time, his real accomplishments were overshadowed for many years by rumors about his personal life. (B) Perhaps the greatest tennis player of all time, Joe Bass's real accomplishments were nevertheless overshadowed for many years by rumors about his personal life © Perhaps the greatest tennis player of all time, rumors about his personal life overshadowed Joe Bass's real accomplishments for many years (D) For many years Joe Bass's real accomplishments were overshadowed by rumors about his personal life, despite being perhaps the greatest tennis player of all time (E) Although Joe Bass's real accomplishments were overshadowed for many years by rumors about his personal life, perhaps he was the greatest tennis player of all time Quantitative Section 37 Questions 75 Minutes Directions: For each of the following questions, blacken the oval next to the corredt answer. To simualte the experience of taking the CAT, answer each question in order. Do not skip any questions, and do not go back to any questions you have laready answered. Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers. Figures: The diagrams and figures that accompany these questions are for the purpose of providing information useful in answering the questions. Unless it is stated that a specific figure is not drawn to scale, the diagrams and figures are drawn as accurately as possible. All figures are in a plane unless otherwise indicated. For Data Sufficiency questions: Each question is followed by two numbered facts. You are to determine whether the data given in thr statements are sufficent for answering the question. Use the data given, plus your knowledge of math and everyday facts, to choose between the five possible answers. Blacken the oval next to your choice. Example: Which car, X or Y, uses more gas? (1) Car X uses 90 gallons per 500 mile trip (2) For the 500 mile trip, Car X uses 1.5 more gas than Y (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question Correct Answer: B 1. A certain machine processes 8 quarts of milk every 6 seconds. How many gallons of milk can the machine process in 3 minutes? (A) 18 (B) 20 © 60 (D) 75 (E) 120 2. During a half-price sale, Ms. Ross bought a plant for the usual price and a second plant for one-half the usual price. If she paid $1.80 for the two plants, what was the usual price of the plant? (A) $0.60 (B) $0.50 © $0.90 (D) $1.20 (E) $2.40 3. 149 people were aboard Flight 222 when it arrived at Los Angeles from New York City with Chicago as the only intermetiate stop. How many people boarded the flight in Chicago? (1) 170 people were aboard the flight when it left New York City (2) 23 people from the flight departed in Chicago and did not reboard (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 4. The total number of active members in a college fraternity is 12.5% higher this year than last year. How many active members does the fraternity have this year? (1) Last year, 23 members of the fraternity graduated (2) Last year, there were 56 active members in the fraternity (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 5. Is p a positive number? (1) 5p is a positive number (2) -p is a negative number (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 6. Is 15 the average (arithmetic mean) of x, y and 15? (1) x + y = 30 (2) x - y = 4 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 7. Mary, Paul and Sharon all played in a summer softball league, and each hit at least one home run during the season. Which of the three players hit the most home runs? (1) Paul hit 4/5 as many home runs as Mary (2) Mary his 5/4 as many home runs as Sharon (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 8. What is the perimeter of a rectangle if the ratio of its width to its length is 3 to 4? (1) The width of the rectangle is 6 (2) The area of the rectangle is 48 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 9. For which of the following lengths of the side of a square would the perimeter be divisible by both 4 and 7? (A) 3 (B) 4 © 5 (D) 6 (E) 7 10. On a certain day, a new vendor began the day with P papers. Between opening and noon, he sold 40 percent of the papers, and between noon and closing, he sold 60 percent of the papers that remained. What percent of the original P papers did he sell? (A) 0% (B) 20% © 24% (D) 76% (E) 100% 11. The value of an office machine depreciates in such a way that its value at the end of each year is 4/5 of its value at the beginning of the same year. If its initial value of the machine is $5,000, what is its value at the end of three years? (A) $4,750.25 (B) $4,000.00 © $2,560.00 (D) $2,000.00 (E) $640.00 12. In a certain year, Corporation X produced 40 percent of the total world production of a certain drug. If Corporation X produced 18 kilograms of the drug, how many kilograms ere produced by producers other than Corporation X? (A) 22 (B) 27 © 36 (D) 40 (E) 45 13. In triangle ABC, AB=AC and the measure of angle A is twice the measure of angle B. Find the number of degrees in the measures of the exterior angle at C. (A) 145 degrees (B) 135 degrees © 125 degrees (D) 95 degrees (E) 45 degrees 14. In a certain year, the income of an individual from her investments amounted to 45 percent of her total income. If municipal bonds accounted for 2/3 of her investment income, the the ratio of income derived from municipal bonds to total noninvestment income was (A) 2/3 (B) 6/11 © 3/10 (D) 3/11 (E) 3/20 15. Was Jake's average running speed for the first hour of his 26-mile marathon 11 miles per hour? (1) He ran the entire 26 miles in 2.5 hours (2) He ran the last 15 miles in 1.5 hours (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 16. For a certain concert, 560 tickets were sold for total of $2,150. If an orchestra seat sold for twice the balcony seat price of $2.50, how many of the tickets sold were balcony seat tickets? (A) 235 (B) 260 © 300 (D) 325 (E) 358 17. If p > 0, what percent is p of q? (1) q = 2p (2) p + q = 36 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 18. A certain liquid fertilizer contains ten percent mineral X by volume. If a farmer wishes to treat a crop with 3/4 of a liter of mineral X per acre, how many acres can he treat with 300 liters of the liquid fertilizer? (A) 40 (B) 24 © 18 (D) 16 (E) 12 19. At the beginning of a class, a classroom has three empty chairs and all students are seated. No student leaves the classroom, and additional students equal to twenty percent of the number of students already seated enter the class late and fill the empty chairs. What is the total number of chairs in the classroom? (A) 18 (B) 15 © 10 (D) 6 (E) 3 20. How far does a rolling wheel with a 4-inch radius travel in 8 revolutions? (A) (8) (3.1416) feet (B) (5) (1/3) (3.1416) feet © (12) (3.1416) feet (D) (4) (3.1416) feet (E) (10) (1/3) (3.1416) feet 21. In a certain shipment, x out of every y items were found to be defective. If 10 defective items were found in the shipment, what was the total number of items in the shipment? (A) (10y) / x (B) (10x) / y © 10y (D) (10y) / (y-x) (E) (10y) / (x-y) 22. Four cylindrical cans with a radius of 2 inches are placed on their bases inside an open square pasteboard box. If the four sides of the box bulge slightly, which of the following could be the internal perimeter of the base of the box, expressed in inches? (A) 20 (B) 16 © 30 (D) 32 (E) 64 23. A certain packing crate contains between 50 and 60 books. How many books are there in the packing crate? (1) If the books are counted out by threes, there will be one book left over (2) If the books are counted out by sixes, there will be one book left over (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 24. If x, y and z are the lengths of three sides of a triangle, is z > 8? (1) x + y = 8 (2) x = 6 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 25. If N and P denote the non-zero digits of a four-digit number NNPP, is NNPP divisible by 4? (1) NPP is divisible by 8 (2) NPP is divisible by 4 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 26. A supermarket sells both a leading brand of laundry detergent and its own brand of laundry detergent. On all sizes of the leading brand it makes a profit of 15 percent of the cost per jug. On all sizes of its own brand it makes a profit of 10 percent of the cost per jug. For a certain month, from the sales of which of the two brands does the supermarket realize the greater profit? (1) Ounce for ounce, the supermarket pays a higher wholesale price for the leading brand than it does for its own brand (2) Ounce for ounce, the supermarket sells 25 percent more of its own brand than of the leading brand (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 27. If x and y are positive integers, is x > y? (1) (x)(x) (2) The square root of x is less than y (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 28. Machine M can produce x units in 3/4 of the time it takes machine N to produce x units. Machine N can produce x units in 2/3 the time it takes machine O to produce x units. If all three machines are working simultaneously, what fraction of the total output is produced by machine N? (A) 1/2 (B) 1/3 © 4/13 (D) 8/29 (E) 6/33 29. In a class election, 190 votes were cast of three candidates. Jake received 6 more votes than twice as many as Simon received, while Adam received 8 votes less than three times as many as Simon. How many votes did Jake receive? (A) 32 (B) 88 © 70 (D) 80 (E) 90 30. (3508 x 3508) - (3510 x 3508) = (A) 7020 (B) 0 © -2 (D) -3508 (E) -7016 31. A fruit seller bought 2000 quarts of berries at 80 cents per quart. If 1/4 of the berries become too ripe for sale, what should be the selling price per quart of the remainder so that the gross profit will be 20 percent of the total cost? (A) $0.25 (B) $0.80 © $1.00 (D) $1.10 (E) $1.28 32. Charmaine spent 2/5 of her income in January for rent, and 3/4 of the remainder on other expenses. If she put the remaining $180 in her savings account, how much was her income in January? (A) $1,000 (B) $1,200 © $1,400 (D) $1,600 (E) $1,800 33. A formula for finding the volume of a cylinder is V = (3.1416) ® ® h, where r is the radius of the base and h is the altitude of the cylinder. Find the volume of a cylinder in which the radius of the base is 7 and the altitude is 10. (A) 220 (B) 170 © 154 (D) 2,200 (E) 1,540 34. If the numerator of a fraction is decreased 25 percent and the denominator of that fraction is increased 25 percent, then the difference between the resulting and the original fractions represents what percentage decrease? (A) 40% (B) 45% © 50% (D) 60% (E) 75% 35. If the number of square units in the area of a circle is A and the number of linear units in the circumference is C, what is the radius of the circle? (1) (A/C) = 3/2 (2) A > C + 3 (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient © both statements together are needed to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) either statement by itself is sufficient to answer the question (E) not enough facts are given to answer the question 36. A racetrack bound by two concentric circles, one with a diameter of 160 yards and the other with a diameter of 140 yards, is to be covered with asphalt. If the asphalt layer is to be one foot deep, how many cubic yards of asphalt will be needed? (A) 75 (B) 90 © 500 (D) 1500 (E) 2000 37. A new copy machine can run off 1,500 workbooks in 8 hours, while it takes on older copy machine 12 hours to do the same job. What is the total number of hours that it would take both copy machines working at the same itme, but independently, to run off the 1,500 workbooks? (A) 4.4 (B) 4.6 © 4.8 (D) 5 (E) 10 Answer Key for GMAT # 2 Verbal Section 1. D 9. A 17. C 25. B 33. A 2. C 10. E 18. C 26. A 34. E 3. B 11. B 19. C 27. C 35. C 4. D 12. B 20. B 28. C 36. C 5. D 13. D 21. D 29. A 37. E 6. C 14. C 22. C 30. B 38. E 7. A 15. A 23. D 31. A 29. C 8. D 16. B 24. C 32. B 40. C 41. A Quantitative Section 1. C 10. D 19. A 28. B 2. D 11. C 20. B 29. C 3. C 12. B 21. A 30. E 4. B 13. B 22. C 31. E 5. D 14. B 23. B 32. B 6. A 15. C 24. A 33. E 7. C 16. B 25. D 34. A 8. D 17. A 26. E 35. A 9. E 18. A 27. A 36. C 37. C